Disclosed is an oil well intelligent control method and device. The oil well intelligent control method comprises the following steps that 1, the depth of an oil liquid surface is set; 2, the casing pressure in an oil well is detected, if the casing pressure exists in the well, air in a casing pipe of the oil well is controlled to be deflated and produce sound to the outside of the well, and according to the difference of sound velocity and time, the depth of the oil liquid surface is obtained; if it is detected that the casing pressure does not exist in the casing pipe of the oil well, the air in the casing pipe is pressurized into an air storage cylinder at the outside of the well, then air injection and sound production are conducted to the interior of the casing pipe of the oil well, and the depth of the oil liquid surface is obtained; and 3, the practically-measured depth of the oil liquid surface is compared with the set depth of the oil liquid surface, and according to the error value of the practically-measured depth of the oil liquid surface and the set depth of the oil liquid surface, whether oil pumping is conducted or not is determined. The invention further comprises the oil well intelligent control device. According to the oil well intelligent control method and device, on the one hand, the pressure difference in the oil well can be utilized fully to accurately obtain a specific position of the oil liquid surface, and through intelligent control, the oil extraction efficiency is improved; on the other hand, impact force of a sucker rod and starting current of an electromotor during starting can be reduced, and the safety of starting during using a sucker motor and the service life are improved.