The invention discloses a preparation method of cilastatin sodium, comprising the following steps of: taking 7-chloro-oxo-ethyl oenanthate and (S)-(+)-2, 2-dimethyl cyclopropane formamide as raw materials, and carrying out condensation reaction and basic hydrolysis to obtain (Z)-7-chloro-2((S)-2, 2-dimethyl cyclopropane formamido)-2-heptenoic acid; then, adding alkaline compound for reaction, and separating and purifying to obtain (Z)-7-chloro-2((S)-2, 2-dimethyl cyclopropane formamido)-2-heptenoic acid metal salt crystal; leading the metal salt crystal and cysteine hydrochloride for condensation reaction, acidizing the reaction liquid by hydrochloric acid, washing by organic solvent and concentrating, then loading sample into macroporous absorption resin for purifying, directly using sodium hydroxide solution for elution, and obtaining cilastatin sodium solid after the treatment of eluent. The preparation method simplifies the preparation technique, and effectively improves the chrominance, the purity and the yield of the cilastatin sodium.