The invention provides a wild training method and a wild training device for improving swimming capacity of released Yangtze sturgeons. The method includes: 1, preparation is carried out before an experiment; 2, adjustment and testing of water flows are carried out; 3, experiment sturgeons are introduced; 4, water flow training of the Yangtze sturgeons is carried out; and 5, finish time of the water flow training is carried out. According to the device, a river diversion screen and a submerged pump are installed in the middle of a cultivation bucket. A frequency converting controller is connected with the submerged pump through a wire, a water outlet of the submerged pump is connected with conduits, flow jetting holes are formed in the conduits, a water outlet pipe is installed in the middle of the cultivation bucket and has water level adjustment, and a water inlet pipe is connected on the upper portion of the cultivation bucket. By adoption of the training method, after the Yangtze sturgeons at different stages are trained, swimming capacities are all obviously improved. After training, water flow sensory capacities of the Yangtze sturgeons are improved, limiting swimming speed is high, and continuous swimming time in high-speed water flows is long.