The invention discloses a method for synthesizing 1,2,3-triazole compound through a one-pot two-step method. An iodo-aryl compound, sodium azide, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-11-carbon-7-alkene and a catalyst cuprous iodide are added into a reaction container containing a solvent dimethyl sulfoxide, the reaction mixture is stirred and react at the temperature of 95 DEG C, and TLC tracking detection is carried out till reacting is complete; after the reaction temperature is reduced to room temperature, a phenylacetaldehyde compound or a terminal-based alkyne compound is added into the reaction container, after the reaction is completed, water and ammonium hydroxide are added into the reaction mixture, the extraction is carried out with dichloromethane three times, washing is carried out with saturated salt water once, drying and suction filtration are carried out, a solvent is spun out, column chromatography purification is carried out, and the target product is obtained. The method is simple in process, convenient to operate, mild in reaction condition, short in reaction time and high in target product yield.