The present invention discloses a transistor modeling method based on an artificial neural network. The method comprises: constructing a corresponding artificial neural network topological structure for a current source, a charge source and a non-linear element separately; according to the artificial neural network topological structure and a value of an internal parameter, training the current source, the charge source and the non-linear element separately by using an artificial neural network technology; and importing the well-trained current source, charge source and non-linear element into circuit simulation software, adding an external parasitic inductor, capacitor and resistor, and carrying out encapsulation to form a large signal model of a transistor. The method can be adapted to transistor devices under various processes, and by introducing a channel temperature variable and an ambient temperature variable into an input layer of the artificial neural network topological structure during construction of the current source, the charge source and the non-linear element, memory effects of the transistor, such as self-heating, can be effectively modeled. The present invention further discloses a system modeling method based on an artificial neural network.