The invention discloses a vortex tube-type membrane component and a system. The vortex tube-type membrane component is composed of a vortex tube-type membrane element, a pipeline, and a housing, and is driven by a motor to rotate; and the vortex tube-type membrane element is a structure shaping like a vortex, a spiral, or a spiral tower. The vortex tube-type membrane component is capable of improving anti-pollution capability, improving membrane separation capability, prolonging membrane service life greatly, and reducing operation cost, and shapes like a vortex line; membrane tube diameter is changeable; 70 to 85% energy is saved; aeration is not needed; low cost operation is realized; automatic adjustment of membrane passing conditions (such as pressure and tangential force) with the change of medium characteristic parameters (concentration, viscosity, and flow amount) is realized; and the vortex tube-type membrane component is suitable for organic membranes and inorganic membranes of different separation accuracy.