The invention relates to the field of cryptology, information safety, geographic information system and digital image processing, in particular to a method for protecting and authenticating the integrity of a digital vector map which can withstand multiple attacks and improve the data writing speed. The method comprises three parts, namely watermark generating, watermark hiding and integrity authenticating, wherein the watermark generating comprises generating an authenticating watermark, generating a positioning watermark and generating a recovery watermark; the watermark hiding comprises transmitting the watermark information to a drive layer and hiding the watermark information; and the integrity authenticating comprises extracting an authenticating watermark, extracting a positioning watermark, extracting a recovery watermark and finishing falsification recovery. By the method, the storage speed is improved, the storage data volume is reduced, the safety is ensured, and the data writing speed is improved.