53 results about "Non linear behavior" patented technology

The invention discloses a spiral anchor foundation bearing effect evaluation method and system, and relates to the technical field of finite element analysis, and the method comprises the steps: building a soil body and spiral anchor finite element model, setting boundary conditions, and obtaining finite element data; according to the finite element data, a local damage variable is introduced based on a stress-strain degradation function, local shear band development is simulated, first damage data are generated, and the first damage data comprise a first stress-strain curve and a first local damage variable; layering the soil body, and optimizing the first damage data based on intra-layer constraints to obtain second damage data; calculating full-field stress, displacement and bearing capacity for effect evaluation based on a finite element solver according to the second damage data; the problem of inaccurate evaluation of the screw anchor effect caused by the nonlinear behavior and the layered heterogeneous effect of the soil body is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of course analysis management, in particular to a course analysis management system based on deep learning. The method has the advantages that multi-modal data deep analysis realizes full-dimensional analysis of unstructured data by integrating a 3D-CNN model, a Transform architecture and a BERT model and synchronously extracting an attention hot area, a voice emotional state and a text knowledge point association network of a classroom video; nonlinear behavior modeling adopts an LSTM network and time convolutional network fusion model, a knowledge internalization path and forgetting curve prediction are dynamically generated, parameters are optimized in combination with incremental learning, and a transition rule across knowledge points is captured; a teaching scene-evaluation threshold mapping table is constructed based on a reinforcement learning algorithm through dynamic decision and resource collaboration, collaborative optimization under multi-campus data privacy protection is achieved in combination with a federated learning framework, GPU computing nodes are dynamically allocated through a heterogeneous resource scheduling engine, and the analysis efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge engineering data processing, and particularly provides an online correction method and system for a bridge anti-seismic model based on parameter identification, and the method comprises the steps: continuously collecting a multi-source mixed response signal of a bridge in real vibration; automatically generating self-adaptive feature slices according to a vibration energy transfer path and a structure local nonlinear behavior, and outputting a recombined feature set; constructing a non-uniform evolution trajectory for each independent fluctuation unit in the recombination feature set; generating a directional disturbance vector field in a bridge anti-seismic model parameter space; and the directional disturbance vector field takes the sensitive domain intensity as a disturbance weight, and asymmetric fine tuning is carried out on original bridge anti-seismic model parameters. The system comprises a lossless stripping and recombination module, a time evolution trajectory modeling module and a parameter space directional disturbance module. According to the method, the time domain limitation of traditional offline correction is broken through, and the anti-seismic model ecological system with the autonomous evolution capability is formed through dynamic coupling of response feature-parameter disturbance.

The invention relates to a machine learning method of a dielectric elastomer film on-line modeling under equal biaxial prestretching. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, acquiring an experimental data set for generating input data of the physical information neural network in the step 2 and the Kolmogorov-Arnold network in the step 3; 2, building a physical information neural network; the prediction module is used for predicting a mapping relation between invariants I1 and I2 and a strain energy function, and is used for optimization training of the Kolmogorov-Arnold network in the step 3; step 3, constructing a Kolmogorov-Arnold network, and carrying out the construction of the network; an explicit expression used for predicting invariants I1 and I2 and a strain energy function, and generating a constitutive model capable of reflecting the nonlinear behavior of the dielectric elastomer film; and step 4, carrying out joint training of a physical information neural network and a Kolmogorov-Arnold network on the basis of an experimental data set of voltage and stretch ratio obtained by applying voltage after equal biaxial pre-stretching of the dielectric elastomer film obtained in the step 1, and finding out optimal network parameters. According to the invention, the mechanical-electric coupling characteristic of the dielectric elastomer material can be reflected.

An electronic device may include wireless circuitry with a processor, a transceiver circuit, a front-end module, and an antenna. The front-end module may include amplifier circuitry such as a low noise amplifier for amplifying received radio-frequency signals. The amplifier circuitry may include non-linearity suppression circuitry that suppresses or reduces non-linear behavior of components such as a core amplification transistor and a degeneration inductor within the amplifier circuitry. The non-linearity suppression circuitry may include an intermodulation distortion suppression circuit having an auxiliary amplification transistor. The non-linearity suppression circuitry may include a frequency-selective filter coupled to the degeneration inductor.

The invention relates to the technical field of cattle behavior recognition, in particular to a cattle behavior recognition method based on a multi-scale weighted adaptive sequential network, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a cattle behavior sensor signal data set; constructing an MWATNet model comprising a DFW module, an MTFE module and an ADC module, and dynamically extracting key channel information by using the DFW module; modeling time sequence dependence and nonlinear behavior characteristics on a time scale by using a convolution and interaction mechanism of an MTFE module; and a classification strategy and a discrimination boundary are dynamically adjusted by using a category sensing mechanism of the ADC module. The invention solves the problem that the rumination and feeding category identification capability of the needle cattle needs to be further improved in the existing method.

A method of non-linear acoustic non-destructive testing of a testpiece (3) comprising (i) determining a resonance frequency of a testpiece (3) by applying at least one excitation vibration to the testpiece (3) and analysing a vibrational response of the testpiece (3) to the at least one excitation vibration, (ii) applying at least one excitation vibration to the testpiece (3) at the determined resonance frequency and / or over a range of frequencies that includes the determined resonance frequency, and (iii) determining if the testpiece (3) has one or more flaws by analysing a vibrational response of the testpiece, to the at least one excitation vibration in step (ii), for non-linear behaviour. An apparatus (1) for non-linear acoustic non-destructive testing of a testpiece (3) according to the method.

The present application relates to a kind of mountainous large-span bridge transverse damping system parameter solving method and system, method includes: obtaining bridge structure, establish spatial finite element model, obtain target design displacement, set the initial damping parameter of each position damper of bridge;Actual displacement is calculated based on the damping parameter at this time, and the adjusted vector of damper is obtained according to the difference between target design displacement and actual displacement, combined with adjusted vector and influence matrix, calculate the application vector, the adjusted damping parameter is calculated based on application vector, it is judged whether the adjusted damping parameter satisfies design requirement, if satisfy, then the adjusted damping parameter is regarded as final damping parameter, otherwise, repeat this step.Compared with prior art, the basic principle of influence matrix is used, the multi-tower / pier coupling effect in transverse damping system and the strong nonlinear behavior of damping measure are considered, and the reasonable design parameters of damping system at each tower / pier position can be determined by the iterative calculation of fast and stable convergence.

The invention discloses a digital self-interference cancellation method based on transceiver nonlinear behavior modeling, and belongs to the technical field of electronic reconnaissance and interference. The digital self-interference cancellation method comprises the following steps of performing linear combination on memory components of a broadband signal, and generating cross terms with different phase structures by using a nonlinear effect so as to construct a Wiener model; establishing a multipath self-interference channel model; nonlinear modeling is carried out on linear components of interference signals received by a radio frequency front end at a receiver, and nonlinear component modeling is a linear model; for a nonlinear model constructed by a linear component in an interference signal received by a radio frequency front end, adopting dynamic reduction measurement to reduce the complexity of the model; parameter preliminary estimation is carried out by using the characteristics commonly represented by the intermediate variables, and parameter estimation is optimized by combining a two-step iterative algorithm; and reconstructing the transmitting signal in the digital domain according to a parameter estimation result to generate a reference signal, and realizing interference cancellation in the digital domain of the receiving end.

This invention provides a converter impedance measurement method that overcomes the influence of nonlinearity. By injecting voltage disturbance signals of different frequencies and amplitudes multiple times, the impedance is determined based on the voltage and current responses of the voltage disturbance signals. The method also takes into account the voltage and current responses caused by circuit disturbances, which can effectively avoid the influence of nonlinear behavior in the process of determining the impedance group of the converter under test, ensure the final measurement accuracy, and provide accurate data reference for subsequent impedance stability analysis and the formulation of impedance stabilization strategies.

The RC column concentrated plastic hinge model research method based on lateral stiffness relates to the structural seismic technology field; the method aims to solve the problem that the simulation precision of the existing concentrated plastic hinge model is influenced by the value of the multiplier n, and the function relationship between the spring rotation stiffness and the component lateral stiffness is established, without defining the multiplier n; the specific steps include deducing the concentrated plastic hinge series model unit stiffness matrix of the cantilever column, establishing the function relationship between the rotation stiffness and the lateral stiffness, designing the state updating algorithm based on the displacement loading control, verifying the accuracy of the new model, and comparing the precision of the existing model; the experimental results show that the simulation precision of the model is improved significantly, the nonlinear behavior of the RC column can be accurately simulated without the multiplier n, and the method has important practical significance; the method has been successfully applied to the seismic analysis of a plurality of typical RC frame structures, not only simplifies the calculation process, but also improves the calculation efficiency, provides a more reliable and convenient tool for the structural seismic design, and has high popularization value.

The application discloses a kind of based on the detection result prediction method of electric network reserve pool, belong to neural network technical field, the method includes: the voltage signal sequence corresponding to historical detection result is passed into the electric network reserve pool based on the input node of multiple type electric characteristic neuron, to map voltage signal sequence into high-dimensional output state matrix;Compared with the dimension increasing method of pure mathematical operation of traditional reserve pool algorithm, this method is completely based on the I-V intrinsic electric characteristic of semiconductor device, for the spontaneous nonlinear behavior of electric network formed by the connection of multiple electric characteristic neurons, it is highly explainable, and it is convenient to physically realize.Further, the output state matrix of electric network reserve pool is dimensioned again, the future detection result is predicted by the fitting of historical detection result, thereby solve the technical problems that extrapolation prediction based on historical data in existing detection technology is difficult to realize.

The invention provides a temperature-stress-based welding finite element rapid stiffness matrix assembly solving method, and relates to the technical field of welding process finite element simulation, and the method optimizes a stiffness matrix updating strategy through double variables of temperature and stress based on local heat input characteristics of a welding process. In the elastic area, the calculation strategy is flexibly adjusted according to the temperature change amplitude, and in the plastic area, iterative correction is carried out aiming at the nonlinear behavior of the material. By intelligently identifying the key area and avoiding unnecessary global updating, the algorithm greatly reduces the calculation amount and significantly improves the simulation speed. Besides, in combination with a sequential solution method of thermal-mechanical coupling, the algorithm can provide rapid and accurate stress solution for a complex welding process on the premise of ensuring precision, and is particularly suitable for efficient simulation analysis of large weldments. The problem that in the welding process of large weldments, the rigidity matrix assembling efficiency is low is solved.

The application relates to the field of civil engineering, and discloses a foundation pit finite element model parameterization rapid modeling method: a finite element model is constructed through foundation pit geometric information and soil characteristics, soil response is simulated by adopting a nonlinear constitutive relation and a random process, foundation pit stability optimization and dynamic adjustment are realized, and the application further provides a foundation pit finite element model parameterization rapid modeling system: an input module, a modeling module, a constitutive model module, a random process module, a simulation module, an optimization module, a grid refinement module and a real-time monitoring module. The application realizes simplified modeling process, improved calculation precision, accurate simulation of soil nonlinear behavior and dynamic response, and significantly improves the stability and safety in the foundation pit design and construction process by automatically generating a foundation pit finite element model, introducing a Kachanov-Delale nonlinear soil constitutive model, generating a soil elastic modulus random field based on a Gaussian process, and dynamically adjusting model parameters in real time.

The invention provides an equivalent thin layer unit simulation method and system for an eVTOL aircraft threaded connection structure. And respectively calculating the axial rigidity of the internal thread under the unit length, the radial rigidity of the internal thread under the unit length, the axial rigidity of the external thread under the unit length and the radial rigidity of the external thread under the unit length. And calculating the axial total rigidity and the radial total rigidity of threaded connection, and determining the axial modulus and the radial modulus of the equivalent thin-layer material. In the finite element model, establishing a thin layer unit at a threaded connection interface, and endowing the thin layer unit with an axial modulus and a radial modulus; and connecting the thin layer unit and the two parts in threaded connection through binding constraint, and applying a pre-tightening force and a dynamic load to complete construction of a simulation model. Therefore, the simulation precision is improved, the dynamic response error is reduced, and the nonlinear behavior of the thread under multiple working conditions can be accurately simulated.

The application provides a SiC MOSFET behavior modeling method based on physical mechanism optimization, comprising: for a SiC MOSFET output characteristic curve, constructing a static electrical model structure of the SiC MOSFET on the basis of considering a drain-induced barrier lowering effect of the SiC MOSFET; based on the static electrical model structure, adopting a voltage function to describe nonlinear behavior of an interelectrode capacitance varying with a bias voltage, and constructing a dynamic characteristic model structure of the SiC MOSFET; adopting a method combining experimental data and structure function analysis to perform physical mechanism optimization on the static electrical model structure and the dynamic characteristic model structure, and obtaining a final required SiC MOSFET behavior model. The application can accurately reflect static and dynamic characteristics of the SiC MOSFET device, improve precision, applicability and convenience of parameter extraction of the model, and meet design requirements of a new generation of high-performance power electronic systems.

The invention discloses a permanent magnet synchronous linear motor optimal current control method based on a magnetic equivalent circuit model, and the method comprises the steps: considering the nonlinear behavior of a motor, building an accurate MEC model suitable for a PMLSM for a stator part, an air gap part and a rotor part through the electromagnetic quantity of the motor, and building an electromagnetic parameter and thrust balance equation; therefore, an accurate motor thrust expression is obtained, and an optimal current control strategy considering thrust accuracy and coil copper loss minimization is further designed based on the motor thrust expression. According to the MEC model and the corresponding optimal current control strategy, the calculation burden can be reduced on the basis that the model precision is ensured, meanwhile, accurate control over the position and thrust is achieved, the optimal current strategy can further reduce copper loss and improve the efficiency of the system, and high research value and application value are achieved.

The application relates to the field of ethylene industry diagnosis, in particular to an ethylene furnace tube coking thickness prediction method and system.The method comprises the following steps: collecting ethylene furnace tube parameter time sequence data, extracting time sequence convolution features, obtaining bidirectional time sequence features through bidirectional time sequence dependence processing, and obtaining time sequence pooling features through attention pooling; linearly mapping the features to obtain a furnace tube coking thickness linear prediction value, combining a learnable nonlinear transformation with the linear prediction value to obtain a furnace tube coking thickness nonlinear prediction value; finally, fusing historical furnace tube coking thickness prediction error features, the furnace tube coking thickness linear prediction value and the furnace tube coking thickness nonlinear prediction value to calculate the furnace tube coking thickness prediction value of the ethylene furnace tube.Compared with the prior art, the linear behavior and the nonlinear behavior are combined, and the fusion strategy is adaptively adjusted based on the historical prediction error, so that the ethylene furnace tube coking thickness can be effectively predicted.

According to the neurology medicine delivery parameter adjusting method and system disclosed by the invention, the environment temperature information around the infusion pump and the actual instantaneous rotating speed data of the motor are collected in real time and are compared with the expected response of the motor in the ideal linear working state; nonlinear behavior characteristics of a motor caused by temperature influence can be accurately identified and quantified, a two-dimensional mapping relation is established according to environment temperature information and the nonlinear behavior characteristics, the current environment temperature is acquired in real time before a target control instruction is sent, and corresponding compensation parameters are calculated according to the mapping relation. Finally, the target control instruction is compensated and adjusted according to the compensation parameters, and the problems that in the prior art, due to the physical property difference of novel medicine solutions, motor long-term operation performance degradation and nonlinear response characteristics, medicine conveying precision is lowered, and flow fluctuates are effectively solved.

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and apparatus for an adaptive engine with a bifurcated nonlinear model. The adaptive controller uses a nonlinear model having a control portion and an estimation portion, wherein the estimation portion uses a time-varying linear system to approximate nonlinear behavior of the system. Further, the time-varying linear system receives a structure of the underlying matrices for every frame of control samples allowing the time-varying linear system to model large nonlinearities and to pre-process this linear approximation for each frame. At the same time, the time-varying linear system also uses estimated model parameter tensors in the underlying matrices that are updated or adapted every control cycle, in real-time, throughout a frame, such that the linear approximation is also able to approximate small nonlinearities in the system. This bifurcation of a linearized model provides a faster and more robust adaptive controller.

This application discloses a method and system for adjusting neurological drug delivery parameters. By collecting real-time ambient temperature information and actual instantaneous motor speed data around the infusion pump and comparing them with the expected response of the motor under ideal linear operating conditions, it can accurately identify and quantify the nonlinear behavior characteristics of the motor caused by temperature. A two-dimensional mapping relationship is established based on the ambient temperature information and nonlinear behavior characteristics. Before issuing the target control command, the current ambient temperature is acquired in real time, and the corresponding compensation parameters are calculated according to the mapping relationship. Finally, the target control command is adjusted and compensated based on these compensation parameters. This effectively solves the problems of decreased drug delivery accuracy and flow fluctuation caused by differences in the physical properties of novel drug solutions, long-term performance degradation of motors, and nonlinear response characteristics in the prior art.

The present application relates to the ICIM-CI model modeling field, specifically relates to a kind of ICIM-CI model modeling method based on particle swarm optimization.The modeling method mainly includes input signal segmentation based on particle swarm optimization;Output signal recombination;Segmented Volterra kernel function identification.The present application effectively describes the nonlinear behavior of chip by segmented Volterra series, and optimizes the segmented threshold by using particle swarm optimization algorithm, which significantly improves the accuracy and versatility of the model.The present application overcomes the problems of traditional ICIM-CI model in the modeling process, such as linear hypothesis, difficulty in accurately describing the nonlinear response of MADIC under electromagnetic interference, and lack of sensitivity quantitative analysis, output quantitative information and parameterized cascade simulation under multiple criteria synthesis.The present application is suitable for ICIM-CI model modeling.

The application provides a magnetic liquid rheology measurement method under a magnetic field. The magnetic liquid rheology measurement method comprises the following steps: S1, performing strain scanning on the magnetic liquid, drawing a corresponding change curve, and determining the linear viscoelastic region and the non-linear viscoelastic region of the magnetic liquid; S2, selecting a strain value according to the linear viscoelastic region of the magnetic liquid, performing frequency scanning on the magnetic liquid under the magnetic field, drawing a corresponding change curve, and obtaining the linear viscoelastic property curve of the magnetic liquid under the magnetic field; S3, performing time scanning on the magnetic liquid under the non-constant magnetic field, and drawing a corresponding change curve; and S4, performing a steady shear experiment on the magnetic liquid under the magnetic field, drawing a corresponding shear flow curve, and obtaining the non-linear rheological property of the magnetic liquid under the magnetic field. The application can reflect the rheological property of the magnetic liquid under different magnetic fields, provide help for the non-linear behavior analysis of the magnetic liquid under the magnetic field, and provide a theoretical basis for the application of the magnetic liquid under the magnetic field.

The invention discloses an apparatus and method for non-linearity cancellation in an electronic system. In some embodiments, an electronic system includes two or more circuit channels that process a common input signal in parallel, each circuit channel including at least one instance of a non-linear behavior circuit. Thus, a non-linear circuit is replicated and included in each circuit channel at least once. Each circuit channel has an input scaling factor and an output scaling factor that can be changed from one circuit channel to another. The scaled output signals of the circuit channels are combined to generate a combined output signal. The input and output scaling factors are selected to eliminate or reduce nonlinearity.

In order to deeply explore the dynamic response mechanism and the elasticity resistance of the composite target plate under the impact of the projectile, the missile-target action finite element model of the composite target plate is based on all components of the composite target plate, combines the dynamic characteristics of the impact of the projectile, reasonably divides grid units and selects an adaptive material constitutive model, so that the missile-target action finite element model of the composite target plate is obtained. And deformation, damage and failure behaviors of different materials under the high-speed impact load are accurately described. In a model building process, a nonlinear behavior of a missile target contact interface is emphatically considered, a penalty function method and a Lagrangian multiplier method are combined to process contact state change in a projectile penetration process, and meanwhile, an adaptive mesh refinement technology is introduced, so that the operation efficiency is improved on the premise of ensuring the calculation precision; through comparison with related experimental data (such as projectile residual velocity, armor damage mode and the like), the calculation result of the model is highly matched with an experimental value, which indicates that the dynamic mechanical response rule of the composite target plate under the impact of the projectile can be effectively reflected.

The invention relates to a refined axle coupling power simulation analysis method and device based on OpenSees and a medium, and belongs to the technical field of bridge structure simulation. According to the method, the additional spring-mass-damping effect of any moving vehicle and the random traffic flow can be considered, and the axle coupling power simulation analysis capability under linear and nonlinear behavior modeling scenes is integrated based on an OpenSees open source finite element calculation platform. According to the method, a vehicle is regarded as a multi-degree-of-freedom spring-mass-damping vibration system composed of a vehicle body, a suspension system and tires, and the vehicle mass effect and the suspension system of the vehicle are simulated through vehicle body container nodes and zero-length units. And determining the position of the vehicle on the current bridge floor based on the pseudo time and the vehicle speed time history in OpenSees. The wheel load is applied through a series of pulse load modes in OpenSees. By combining a WIM vehicle statistical model with a microscopic traffic flow model with vehicle following and lane changing capabilities, accurate simulation of random traffic flow is realized.

The application provides a shield tunnel longitudinal stress calculation method and system considering inter-ring joint nonlinearity, and relates to the technical field of underground engineering. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining parameter information of a shield tunnel, wherein the parameter information comprises structural design parameters, material parameters and stratum parameters; establishing a finite element model of the shield tunnel according to the initial stiffness of the inter-ring joint and the parameter information, and solving the finite element model based on a preset load to obtain first information, wherein the first information comprises the bending moment, shear force and longitudinal axial force of each inter-ring joint of the shield tunnel; constructing a stiffness three-dimensional surface of the inter-ring joint, calculating the stiffness information of the inter-ring joint according to the stiffness three-dimensional surface and the first information; updating the finite element model according to the stiffness information, and obtaining the longitudinal structural stress result of the shield tunnel through the updated finite element model. The application solves the problem that the existing beam-spring model ignores the changes of the bending stiffness and shear stiffness with the load when simulating the nonlinear behavior of the inter-ring joint.

The application discloses an AGV digital twin monitoring method based on a three-dimensional simulation model, relates to the technical field of digital twin monitoring, and comprises the following steps: performing multi-dimensional feature extraction on a target AGV to form an AGV behavior mode vector set; generating a nonlinear coupling matrix representing the correlation strength between AGV motion state parameters and environmental constraint parameters based on the vector set and environmental geometric information; dividing a three-dimensional digital twin model into a plurality of simulation units, and independently simulating local AGV disturbance responses of the units according to the matrix; mapping high-frequency motion events and low-frequency task events into the simulation units based on the local AGV disturbance responses to form a nonlinear disturbance coupling field; and dynamically adjusting a virtual AGV state based on the disturbance propagation trend of the disturbance coupling field. The application realizes nonlinear behavior synchronization of a virtual AGV and a physical AGV, thereby solving the problem that virtual and real behaviors of an AGV are difficult to be consistent in the prior art.

The invention provides a SiC MOSFET behavior modeling method based on physical mechanism optimization, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a static electricity model structure of a SiC MOSFET on the basis of considering the leakage-induced barrier reduction effect of the SiC MOSFET according to an output characteristic curve of the SiC MOSFET; on the basis of the static electricity model structure, a voltage function is adopted to describe the nonlinear behavior of the interelectrode capacitance changing along with the bias voltage, and a dynamic characteristic model structure of the SiC MOSFET is constructed; and performing physical mechanism optimization on the static electricity model structure and the dynamic characteristic model structure by adopting a method of combining experimental data and structural function analysis to obtain a final required SiC MOSFET behavior model. The method can accurately reflect the static and dynamic characteristics of the SiC MOSFET device, improves the precision and applicability of the model and the convenience of parameter extraction, and meets the design requirements of a new-generation high-performance power electronic system.

The invention relates to a hyperbolic sand large-diameter single pile design method based on static sounding, which comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring geometric parameters of a single pile, such as pile diameter, wall thickness, penetration depth and the like, and soil body information including effective weight and conical tip resistance; then calculating initial rigidity and ultimate bearing capacity of pile-soil interaction, and determining a rigidity attenuation coefficient and a bearing capacity adjustment coefficient according to a penetration-depth ratio; integrating the parameters to establish a hyperbolic p-y spring relationship at different depths so as to accurately simulate the nonlinear behavior of the soil body; then dispersing a single pile into beam units by applying a Timoshensincaro beam-spring model, and obtaining the lateral displacement distribution of a pile body and the bearing capacity of a soil body under an external load through numerical solution; and finally, a load-displacement curve at the mud line is generated by combining the load eccentric distance, and complete prediction of the displacement response of the pile body is achieved. Compared with the prior art, by combining the static sounding data with the hyperbolic model, the design precision and reliability of the large-diameter single pile in the sandy soil are improved.