58 results about "Out of band radiation" patented technology

The invention is directed to an arrangement for the suppression of unwanted spectral components (‘out-of-band’ radiation, as it is called) in a plasma-based radiation source. The object of the invention is to find a novel possibility for the suppression of unwanted spectral components in radiation exiting from a plasma-based EUV radiation source which permits a simple suppression of out-of-band radiation outside the desired EUV range without requiring costly manufacturing and adjustment of diffraction gratings. This object is met according to the invention in that a filter unit is provided between the plasma and an application location of the EUV radiation, which filter unit has at least one gas curtain comprising at least one rapidly flowing gas whose molecules have no absorption maxima for the desired EUV radiation and intensive absorption maxima for other, unwanted wavelengths that are emitted, at least in the IR region. For the purpose of generating the gas curtain, at least one slit nozzle and an efficient gas sink are arranged laterally opposite one another with respect to an optical axis of the beam bundle in order to limit the gas curtain in a spatially defined manner and to remove it again from the vacuum chambers as completely as possible.

System and method embodiments are provided herein for achieving low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) signals in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems, including Massive MIMO (M-MIMO) systems. The embodiments include two schemes to reduce the PAPR in the transmitted signals. In a first scheme, the signals are precoded, at a BS or UE, to offload a signal from one antenna to another antenna to achieve PAPR reduction. The precoding is done with some penalty in terms of signal gain. In a second scheme, the signal is clipped and the clipped portion is further projected on the MIMO antennas to compensate for the error caused by clipping. Out-of-band radiation is also removed in this scheme.

The present invention aims at configuring a guard interval period so as to control out-of-band radiation and decrease a transmission power loss. A transmitter provides a repetition signal for a very short time period at both ends of an effective symbol and copies the repetition signal to opposite sides of the effective symbol. The transmitter then inserts a null signal corresponding to a guard interval time to remove intersymbol interference. Further, a transmission signal is multiplied by a window function for waveform shaping. A window function value is configured so as to always keep constant the sum of the window function value and itself shifted by an effective symbol length. This prevents the transmission symbol's energy from exceeding the energy for the effective symbol length before multiplication of the window function.

A plasma-generated EUV light source uses an EUV-diffracting collection mirror to channel spectrally pure in-band radiation through an intermediate-focus aperture and through EUV illumination optics. Out-of-band radiation is either undiffracted by the collection mirror or is diffractively scattered away from the aperture. The undiffracted portion, plus plasma-emitted radiation that does not intercept the collection mirror, can be efficiently recycled back to the plasma via retroreflecting mirrors, cat's-eye reflectors, or corner-cube reflectors, to enhance generation of in-band EUV radiation by the plasma.

In order to suppress out-of-band radiation within a range of a spectrum mask regulation without reducing transmission signal power or the like even when a wireless communication is performed in a white space by using OFDM or the like, the present invention is characterized by including an RF circuit characteristic analysis unit, a multipath delay detection unit, a digital filter setting unit, and a transmission power setting unit and further including: a windowing function/windowing duration selection unit configured to select a windowing function and a windowing duration based on the analysis result by the RF circuit characteristic analysis unit, the detection result by the multipath delay detection unit, and the setting by the digital filter setting unit and the transmission power setting unit; a guard interval duration selection unit configured to select a guard interval duration; and a transmission power selection unit configured to select transmission power.

The invention discloses a method for reporting an additional power regression value and a base station as well as a terminal; the method comprises the following steps: the base station determines a current scene and needs to report the additional power regression value; and the base station sends an additional power regression reporting command to the terminal, wherein the additional power regression reporting command is used for indicating the terminal to report the additional power regression value. According to the method, the in-band noise and the out-of-band radiation reach a prescribed range under a certain scene, and the accuracy of power control of a system is improved.

The invention discloses a downlink base-band signal generation method, a downlink base-band signal generation device and a base station. The method comprises the following steps that the base station calculates a weight value of a related sub-carrier in a channel bandwidth according to a preset control condition, and generates a base-band signal according to a weight value calculation result. According to the method, the device and the base station, the out-of-band radiation of an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signal can be effectively suppressed, and the utilization rate of a frequency spectrum is increased. When the technical scheme is applied to a cognitive radio system, the interference of a secondary system to a primary system can be reduced, and a white space which cannot be used by an original OFDM signal can even be effectively utilized, so that the utilization efficiency of the frequency spectrum is radically improved.

The invention discloses a sending method, a receiving method and a device capable of lowering out-of-band radiation, and belongs to the field of communication. The sending method and the receiving method comprise that an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier is divided into subcarrier pairs, each subcarrier pair comprises two adjacent OFDM subcarriers, and each OFDM subcarrier can be divided at most into one subcarrier pair; two complex weighting coefficients are used for mapping each constellation symbol contained in a to-be-sent data bit stream to two OFDM subcarriers contained in the subcarrier pair corresponding to each constellation symbol, and out-of-band radiation generated by the two OFDM subcarriers is offset; reversed fast Fourier transformation is carried out to the mapped to-be-sent data bit stream, and a cyclic prefix is inserted in the to-be-sent data bit stream to form an OFDM baseband signal which is sent then. The device comprises a dividing module, a mapping module and a modulation module. By means of the sending method, the receiving method and the device, operation complexity can be reduced.

The various embodiments herein provide a method and system for reducing Out of Band Radiation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The method includes transmitting a plurality of signals with a plurality of modulated symbols on each subcarrier. The method includes introducing a controlled amount of correlation among the consecutive modulated symbols across time. Further the method includes removing the controlled amount of correlation among the plurality of modulated symbols. The method also includes reducing an out of band radiation in OFDM. The system for reducing Out of Band Radiation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) includes a transmitter to transmit one or more signals with a plurality of modulated symbols on each subcarrier. The system includes a transmitter with digital filters and a receiver. The receiver includes a Maximum Likelihood Sequence Detector (MLSD) to remove the controlled amount of correlation among the plurality of modulated symbols.

The invention provides a baseband signal processing method and device. The method includes: enabling a sending end to firstly generate a variable-rate sampling enable clock; performing interpolation on the first baseband signal according to the variable rate sampling rate enabling clock; and finally, carrying out multi-stage cascade moving average filtering on the first data sequence obtained by interpolation by using a multi-stage cascade average filter; taking a data sequence obtained after filtering as a final upsampling signal to be sent to receiving end equipment; and enabling the receiving end to perform multi-stage cascade moving average filtering on the second baseband signal by using a multi-stage cascade average filter, generating a variable-rate sampling enable clock which is the same as that of the transmitting end, extracting data from a second data sequence obtained after filtering according to the variable-rate sampling enable clock, and taking the extracted data sequence as a final down-sampling signal. According to the invention, variable-rate sampling can be realized according to the variable-rate sampling enable clock, and out-of-band radiation of a signal during up-sampling and frequency spectrum aliasing of the signal during down-sampling can be effectively inhibited through multi-stage cascade moving average filtering.

The invention discloses a method for reducing out-of-band radiation of user equipment (UE) and the user equipment (UE). The method comprises the following steps of: deflecting a cell sounding reference symbol (SRS) frequency band and/or a cell preamble format 4 physical random access channel (PF4PRACH) frequency band in a configuration frequency band range of the channel to ensure that the cell SRS frequency band and/or the cell PF4PRACH frequency band are kept away from a configuration frequency band of an adjacent frequency band channel; emitting the SRS by the UE according to the cell SRS frequency band after deflection; and/or, emitting the PF4PRACH according to the cell PF4PRACH frequency band after the deflection. The technical scheme of the invention can reduce out-of-band radiation caused by the SRS emission and/or the PF4PRACH emission performed by the UE.

The invention discloses a method and a station of resource distribution. The method and the station are used for distribution of resource blocks by the station. The method includes that the station confirms a user device UE distributed by the distribution resource blocks at present; if a reference number of any one resource block of the distributed resource blocks of the UE is located in a preset first reference number range, whether the number of the distributed resource blocks of the UE is less than a preset first parameter value; and if the number of the distributed resource blocks of the UE is less than the preset first parameter value, scheming priority of the UE is improved, the next distributed resource block is distributed to the UE, and alternatively, the resource blocks having the reference numbers which are located in the preset first reference number range are deleted from the distributed resource blocks of the UE. The method can effectively reduce the maximum value of out-of-band radiation power spectrum density of the UE, reduces interference of adjacent frequency ranges, and improves system performance.

The present disclosure also provides a photolithography mask. The photolithography mask includes a substrate that contains a low thermal expansion material (LTEM). A reflective structure is disposed over the substrate. A capping layer is disposed over the reflective structure. An absorber layer is disposed over the capping layer. The absorber layer contains an indium tin oxide (ITO) material. In some embodiments, the ITO material has a SnO6 crystalline structure.

An OFDM signal may include a first edge band signal corresponding to a first edge band of the bandwidth of the OFDM signal, a second edge band signal corresponding to a second edge band of the bandwidth, and a center band signal corresponding to a center band of the bandwidth. The OFDM signal may be filtered by filtering the first edge band signal and/or the second edge band signal, so that out-of-band radiation of the OFDM may be reduced or eliminated.

The invention relates to a window function-based smooth carrier reservation OFDM signal peak-to-average power ratio suppression method, firstly serial-to-parallel conversion and orthogonal amplitude constellation mapping are performed on sending signals, and OFDM modulation and parallel-to-serial conversion are performed on the mapped signals; secondly filtering is performed on residual signals whose amplitude exceeds a preset peak-to-average power ratio threshold, and the filtered residual signals are placed in a reversed carrier; and finally the signals on the reversed carrier and the sending signals are combined, and are transmitted after being amplified. The window function-based smooth carrier reservation OFDM signal peak-to-average power ratio suppression method provided by the invention can obtain relatively good peak-to-average power ratio performance with extremely low implementation complexity, effectively improves work efficiency of a radio frequency power amplifier, does not generate out-of-band radiation, and does not influence error rate performance of an OFDM system receiving end; and implementation of the method has nothing to do with the receiving end, does not need to additionally send sideband information to the receiving end, does not generate distortion inside and outside a band, can be directly compatible with existing standards, and can satisfy requirements of a modern communication system.

The invention proposes a low-profile broadband filter antenna. The low-profile broadband filter antenna is used for solving the problems of narrow broadband, high profile and large size of the prior art. The low-profile broadband filter antenna comprises a metal floor, a dielectric late, a rectangular metal patch, a rectangular metal wall, two metal short-circuit posts and a coaxial probe, whereinthe dielectric plate is arranged right above the metal floor, the rectangular metal patch is arranged at an edge of an upper surface of the dielectric plate, the rectangular metal wall is arranged ata side surface, the two metal short-circuit posts penetrate through the dielectric plate, first gap is etched in an edge where the rectangular metal patch and the rectangular metal wall are connected, two ends of the first gap are of enclosed structures, a U-shaped gap is etched in a central part of the rectangular patch, an opening of the U-shaped gap faces the other side, same second gaps are etched in two sides of the U-shaped gap, one end of each second gap is opened, the other end of the second gap is of an enclosed structure, and same third gaps are etched in two sides of the second gap. The low-profile broadband filter antenna has the broadband characteristic, the relative bandwidth reaches 25.3%, the out-of-band radiation of the antenna is suppressed, and the frequency selectivityof the antenna is improved.

The invention discloses a novel power back-off amount metric system and method based on out-of-band cubic metric (OCM). The system comprises a serial/parallel conversion module, an IFFT conversion module, a parallel/serial conversion module, a signal OCM calculation module and a power back-off amount calculation module. The serial/parallel conversion module is connected with the input end of the IFFT conversion module, one output end of the IFFT conversion module is connected with a power amplifier sequentially through the signal OCM calculation module and the power back-off amount calculation module. The method includes the steps that the average power value Pav of an original OFDM signal is calculated; the out-of-band radiation average power value POB of the OFDM signal is calculated; the OCM is calculated; the power back-off (PBO) amount is calculated. The power back-off amount is predicated by the adoption of the out-of-band radiation average power of the OFDM signal and the average power of an original signal, an out-of-band part of third-order output is directly used for predicating out-of-band radiation, and compared with a traditional PAPR method and a traditional CM method, the power back-off amount needed by the power amplifier (PA) can be predicated more accurately.