The invention discloses a welding robot offline programming system based on a tablet computer, which comprises a system modeling module, a kinematics simulation module, a track planning module, an automatic programming module, a status detection module, and a communication module. The invention further discloses an offline programming method of the offline programming system. The offline programming system provided by the invention has the advantages that compared with the traditional online teaching programming system, the system adopts a human operating interface based on the Linux operating system; highly controllable edit capabilities achieve easy optimization of motions of all axes; an actual working environment is simulated, and arc welding, spot welding and other welding functions of a robot are achieved; special offline and simulation technologies facilitate program optimization, and a completed program can be directly read and adopted by the robot through a wireless network, so that the onsite verification waiting time is shortened, and errors and unnecessary risks are reduced; the cost is low, so that the system is highly acceptable by a vast number of users; the operation is simple and convenient, and the teaching effects are good.