Disclosed in the present application are a
database construction method, a substance identification apparatus,
system and method, and a
computer device, a program product and a medium. The substance identification method comprises: performing first similarity comparison on a
protein fingerprint spectrum of an object under test and a standard
protein fingerprint spectrum of each reference object, so as to obtain a plurality of candidate reference objects similar to the object under test; and on the basis of
protein difference information of the candidate reference objects, performing second similarity comparison on the object under test and the candidate reference objects, and on the basis of comparison results of the candidate reference objects, determining an identification result of the object under test. On the basis of protein difference information corresponding to each candidate reference object determined during primary comparison, secondary similarity comparison is performed on an object under test, so as to determine, on the basis of a secondary comparison result, an identification result of the object under test. Therefore, by means of the use of protein difference information, the problem of it not being possible to determine an identification result of an object under test due to the relatively high similarity between protein
fingerprint spectra of a plurality of microorganisms of known categories or the existence of a plurality of microorganisms in the object under test is solved, thereby improving the accuracy of
microorganism identification.