The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating chronic kidney diseases and chronic renal failure. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from radix et rhizoma rhei preparata, Chinese peashrub roots, herba centellae, rhizoma curcumae, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, rhizoma smilacis glabrae, flos carthami, rhizoma polygoni cuspidati, herba pyrolae, lucid ganoderma, radix astragali and fructus aurantii. The radix et rhizoma rhei preparata has the effects of promoting blood circulation, detoxifying and eliminating turbidity, the Chinese peashrub roots has the effects of dispelling wind, detoxifying and reducring urinary protein, the herba centellae has the effects of dispelling wind, detoxifying and reducing creatinine, the rhizoma curcumae has the effects of breaking blood, promoting qi and resisting fibrosis, the radix salviae miltiorrhizae and the flos carthami have the effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, the rhizoma smilacis glabrae has the effects of clearing heat, detoxifying and drying dampness, the rhizoma polygoni cuspidati has the effects of dispelling wind, detoxifying and reducing uric acid, the herba pyrolae has the effects of tonifying kidney and clearing away dieresis, the lucid ganoderma and the radix astragali have the effects of invigorating qi and strengthening health, and the fructus aurantii has the effects of soothing liver and regulating qi. The traditional Chinese medicine composition can effectively reduce proteinuria and hematuria of patients with chronic kidney diseases, relieve renal function progression of chronic renal failure, reduce serum creatinine, improve clinical symptoms of patients with chronic kidney diseases, especially chronic renal failure, and protect renal functions.