76 results about "Trona" patented technology

The present invention is a system and method for treating a flue gas stream to remove strong acid compounds selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and sulfur trioxide (SO₃) by injecting a sodium sorbent selected from the group consisting of sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium carbonate-bicarbonate, trona ore, mechanically refined trona ore, and trona into the flue gas stream, calcining substantially all of the sodium sorbent in the presence of the flue gas stream to form a soda ash, reducing the concentration of the at least one strong acid compound in the flue gas stream by reacting the at least one strong acid compound with the soda ash to form a sodium based by-product; and changing the chemistry of the flue gas stream to reduce the overall average resistivity of the particulate matter.

Disclosed are methods for solution mining of evaporite minerals, such as trona, comprising drilling an access well and at least two lateral boreholes; injecting a fluid; circulating the fluid through the lateral boreholes with a controlled fluid flow; and collecting a pregnant solution. Also disclosed are methods of solution mining that include injecting an aqueous solution into an underground trona cavity at a temperature sufficient to maintain at least a portion of the solution in the cavity in the Wegscheiderite solid phase region; removing aqueous solution from the cavity; and recovering alkaline values from the removed aqueous solution. Also disclosed are methods of solution mining that include injecting an aqueous solution into an underground trona cavity; removing aqueous solution from the cavity, wherein the temperature of the removed aqueous solution is at about the TWA point temperature; and recovering alkaline values from the removed aqueous solution.

A method of producing additional sodium bicarbonate having a high degree of purity and obtaining a net reduction in effluent waste water, as compared to prior processes, when starting from trona ore is disclosed. The process entails utilizing the waste-water effluent stream from the conversion of trona ore to sodium carbonate as the feed for the conversion of sodium carbonate to sodium bicarbonate.

A method of producing sodium bicarbonate having a high degree of purity and obtaining a net reduction in effluent waste water, as compared to prior processes, when starting from trona ore is disclosed. The process entails utilizing the waste-water effluent stream from the conversion of trona ore to sodium carbonate as the feed for the conversion of sodium carbonate to sodium bicarbonate.

The invention belongs to the brine chemical engineering field and in particular to a method for preparing basic magnesium carbonate and high purity magnesium oxide with trona. In the method, magnesium chloride is used as a raw material, the brine of natural alkali is used as precipitation medium, the primary thermolysis of natural alkali is performed, the high temperature reaction of magnesium chloride solution is performed, hot water is used for washing to obtain hydrated basic magnesium carbonate of which magnesium chloride content is more than 42%, and the obtained solid intermediate product is calcined at high temperature to prepare high purity magnesium oxide of which purity is more than 98%. In the method in the invention, the advantages of the brine of natural alkali, namely low cost and high purity are utilized to prepare high purity magnesium oxide, thus the benefit of resource utilization can be increased, the brine of natural alkali can be used locally and the optimal industrial product with maximum benefit and technology can be obtained.

The process for producing anhydrous sodium carbonate by utilizing natural alkali richly containing sodium hydrogen carbonate includes the following steps: purifying alkali bittern, feeding it into evaporation crystallization tank, introducing steam to make evaporation, concentration, wet decomposition (stripping) and crystallization so as to make most of sodium hydrogen carbonate in the alkali bittern be decomposed and converted into sodium carbonate, finally, in the crystallizer separating the sodium carbonate in the form of crystal carbonate and concentrated crystal soda mixed crystal from mother liquor, and calcining the mixed crystal to obtain invented product heavy anhydrous sodium carbonate whose stacking density is greater than 0.9.

A method of removing SO3 from a flue gas stream having increased amounts of SO3 formed by a NOx removal system, includes injecting a sorbent composition into the flue gas stream. The sorbent composition includes an additive and a sodium sorbent such as mechanically refined trona or sodium bicarbonate. The additive is selected magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. The concentration of the SO3 in the flue gas stream is reduced and the formation of a liquid phase NaHSO4 reaction product is minimized.

A method for in situ solution mining of a mineral from an underground evaporite stratum using a set of wells in fluid communication with at least one mineral cavity with some wells operated in solvent injection mode and other wells operated in brine production mode and optionally with some inactive wells, comprising switching the operation mode of one or more wells. The evaporite mineral preferably comprises trona. The at least one cavity is preferably formed by lithological displacement of the evaporite stratum at a weak interface with an underlying insoluble stratum by application of a lifting hydraulic pressure. The extracted brine can be processed to make valuable products such as soda ash and/or any derivatives thereof, rock salt, or potash. This method can provide more uniform dissolution of mineral in the cavity, can minimize flow channeling, can minimize sodium bicarbonate blinding for solution mining of incongruent trona ore, and/or may avoid uneven deposit of insolubles.

A method for in situ solution mining of a mineral from an underground evaporite stratum using a set of wells in fluid communication with at least one mineral cavity with some wells operated in solvent injection mode and other wells operated in brine production mode and optionally with some inactive wells, comprising switching the operation mode of one or more wells. The evaporite mineral preferably comprises trona. The at least one cavity may be formed by directionally drilled uncased boreholes or by lithological displacement of the evaporite stratum at a weak interface with an underlying insoluble stratum by application of a lifting hydraulic pressure to create an interfacial gap. The extracted brine can be processed to make valuable products such as soda ash and/or any derivatives thereof. This method can provide more uniform dissolution of mineral in the cavity, minimize flow channeling, minimize sodium bicarbonate blinding for solution mining of incongruent trona ore, and/or may avoid uneven deposit of insolubles.

The present invention is directed to a process of treating fly ash and/or fly ash leachate to immobilize heavy metals contained in such fly ash and/or fly ash leachate, which process comprises treating such fly ash and/or fly ash leachate with a soluble ferrous compound under alkaline conditions. This process may be conducted in the absence of any pH modification, mixing (in the sense of a physical blending with a solid material), drying or heating steps, making it practical for treatment of alkaline fly ash (and other coal combustion by-products) which is currently stored in landfills or wet ash lagoons, particularly fly ash which has been recovered from flue gas streams treated with highly alkaline materials such as trona, bicarbonate or limestone and the like.

A proppant material and its use for lithological displacement of an underground evaporite mineral stratum from a non-evaporite stratum, particularly of a trona stratum from a shale stratum. A lifting hydraulic pressure greater than the overburden pressure is applied at a weak strata interface, resulting in separating the strata and forming an interface gap with a mineral free-surface. The proppant is placed inside such gap as the gap is being formed or thereafter. The proppant may comprise tailings and/or particles containing an alkali compound, such as sodium hydroxide, trona, or soda ash particles. The proppant may comprise slow-water dissolving coated particles, particularly a slow-dissolving polymeric coating over a water-soluble alkali core. After propping the interface gap, the mineral from the formed mineral free-surface is dissolved by a production solvent, thereby enlarging the gap and forming a mineral cavity. The proppant preferably dissolves or degrades in the production solvent.

A process of producing high purity trona concentrate includes crushing a mined raw trona (14) to form a crushed raw trona, and separating the crushed raw trona into at least two size fractions (16), wherein a first size fraction is larger than a second size fraction. At least two magnetic separators can be selectively independently adjusted (18,20) to optimize magnetic separation of magnetic impurities from the size fractions. Each of the magnetic separators corresponds to one of the size fractions, which can be separately introduced into the corresponding magnetic separators (22,24) to undergo magnetic separation (26,28,30), which removes magnetic impurities from the size fractions. A first high purity dry trona and a second high purity dry trona may be recovered from the first and second size fractions, respectively. Each of the high purity dry tronas may be combined to form a magnetically purified dry trona.

Gaseous decomposition from a solution is enhanced in the presence of activated carbon or its equivalent by radiofrequency energy in the microwave range. An important example is wet calcination using solutions containing bicarbonates, such as trona, where good conversion to carbonate is readily obtained. A further example is the excellent stabilization of solutions containing sulfites and bisulfites.

The invention discloses a preparation method of spirulina culture solution, which comprises the steps : using natural trona bittern as basic material, determining natural trona bittern of nitrogen, phosphor, potassium content, employing spectrophotometric method or colorimetric estimation, then adding into HNO#-[3]solution, HCl solution, K#-[2]SO#-[4] and H#-[3]PO#-[4]solution to make containing 0.4-0.8g/L nitrogen, 0.07-0.1g/L phosphor, 0.3-1g/L potassium, adjusting PH to 8.5-10 using acid. The invention lowers the breeding cost dramatically due to the main fertilizer natural trona bittern and keeps the original nutrients of spirulina.

The present invention is a trona concentrate and a process for floating gangue material from trona ore that comprises forming an emulsion, conditioning the trona ore at a high solids content in a saturated trona suspension, and then floating and removing the gangue material. The process for separating trona from gangue materials in trona ore can include emulsifying an oil in an aqueous solution to form an oil-in-water emulsion. A saturated trona suspension having a high solids content can also be formed having trona of a desired particle size. The undissolved trona in the saturated suspension can be conditioned by mixing the saturated suspension and the oil-in-water emulsion to form a conditioning solid suspension of trona and gangue material. A gas can be injected through the conditioning solid suspension to float the gangue material. Thus, the floated gangue material can be readily separated from the trona to form a purified trona concentrate without requirements of additional heat or other expensive processing steps.

A lithological displacement of an underground evaporite mineral stratum from an underlying non-evaporite stratum comprising the application of a lifting hydraulic pressure of a fluid at a weak interface between the strata, resulting in lifting the overburden above the interface, separating the evaporite stratum from the underlying non-evaporite stratum and thus forming a mineral free-surface. The lifting hydraulic pressure is greater than the overburden pressure. The formed mineral free-surface is accessible for dissolution by a solvent. The fluid used for lifting may comprise a solvent suitable to dissolve the mineral. The evaporite mineral stratum preferably comprises trona, nahcolite, wegscheiderite, or combinations thereof.

A method of removing SO2 from a flue gas stream containing SO2 comprising providing a source of trona and injecting the trona into the flue gas stream. The temperature of the flue gas is from about 600°F to about 900°F. Keep the trona in contact with the flue gas for a sufficient time to allow part of the trona to react with part of the SO2 to reduce the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream.

Process for treating a gas contaminated by at least one element selected from the group consisting of heavy metals, organic compounds, and combinations thereof, wherein a calcium-phosphate reactant (reagent) particle comprising apatite is brought into contact with the contaminated gas at a temperature of at least 30° C. and preferably at most 1100° C. The metal(s) and/or organic compound(s) to be removed from the contaminated gas may be selected among the list of: Al, Ag, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ce, Co, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Hf, Hg, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Y, Zn, Zr, VOC, aromatic compounds, PAHs, dioxins, furans, or any mixture thereof. In such process, an alkaline compound particle comprising sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate (trona), quick lime, hydrated lime, lime stone or combinations thereof, may be further brought into contact with the contaminated gas.