The invention discloses a test method for the maximum dimensions of non-metallic inclusions in a steel-iron material. The test method comprises the following steps: a, cutting a specimen blank, namely cutting the specimen blank from the steel-iron material needing to be tested; b, carrying out heat treatment, namely carrying out quenching and tempering treatment on the specimen blank to enable the hardness of the specimen blank to be 45-50 HRC; c, producing a specimen, namely processing and producing the specimen blank into the specimen with a hourglass shape according to the ingredients of the specimen blank, wherein the inherent frequency of the specimen is equal to the working frequency of an ultrasonic fatigue testing machine due to the dimensions of the specimen; d, carrying out surface reinforcing treatment, namely carrying out shot-blasting treatment on the surface of the specimen obtained in the step c to enable the hardened-layer depth of the surface layer of the specimen to achieve 0.2mm; e, carrying out an ultrasonic test, namely carrying out a fatigue test on the specimen on an ultrasonic fatigue tester; and f, measuring the dimensions of inclusions, namely observing the fracture of the specimen after the ultrasonic test, and measuring the dimensions of the non-metallic inclusions on the fracture of the specimen. The maximum dimensions of the non-metallic inclusions, which are measured by adopting the method, are relatively accurate and reliable.