229results about "Rotary retorts" patented technology

A process for the preparation of high quality char from organic waste materials. The waste is first sorted to remove recyclable inorganic materials of economic value (metals, glass) and other foreign materials that would be detrimental to the quality of the final product (stone, sand, construction debris, etc.). After size reduction, the waste is pyrolyzed at a temperature range of 250 to 600° F., in a high capacity, continuous mixer reactor, using in-situ viscous heating of the waste materials, to produce a highly uniform, granular synthetic product similar in energy content and handling characteristics to, but much cleaner burning than, natural coal.

A pyrolysis system includes a generally cylindrical reactor chamber having two opposite ends and a longitudinal axis. The chamber has an inlet for receiving biomass, the inlet being adapted to prevent air from entering the chamber and being located at a first opposite end; a gas outlet for recuperating biogas produced in the reactor chamber, the gas outlet being adapted to prevent air from entering the chamber and being located at a second opposite end; and a solid outlet for recuperating charcoal produced in the reactor chamber, the solid outlet being adapted to prevent air from entering the chamber and being located at the second opposite end. The biomass is then subjected to indirect heating supplied by a heated rotor that decomposes the biomass in the absence of air or oxygen into a biogas and charcoal. A controller for controlling a rate of feed of biomass, extracted carbon residue and a temperature inside the reactor chamber is also provided. In a preferred embodiment, the shaft is heated by a portion of the energy recuperated from the pyrolysis system.

There is described a system and method for recycling carbon-containing material, in particular tyres and plastics materials. The system includes a heating arrangement for anaerobically heating carbon containing material to produce carbon-containing gases. A condensing arrangement is also used to condense a proportion of the carbon-containing gases to provide condensed gases and non-condensed gases. In addition, a recirculating arrangement is provided for recirculating the non-condensed gases into the heating arrangement. Further systems and methods for pre- and post-processing of the carbon-containing material are also disclosed and products of the systems and methods are also described.

A biomass pyrolysis process in which biomass feedstock particles (having a d5o mean particle size of at least 1 mm) are thermally treated substantially in the absence of oxygen to pyrolyse the biomass feedstock particles. The thermal treatment of the biomass feedstock particles includes a heat treatment drying step at a temperature in the range 100° C. to 250° C. Then, at a pre-pyrolysis heating location in a heat treatment system, the biomass feedstock particles are heated to a temperature in the range 280° C. to 350° C., held within the same temperature range for a time of at least 5 seconds and then moved from the pre-pyrolysis heating location to a pyrolysis heating location by a conveyor system for heating to a temperature above 350° C. for pyrolysis.

The present invention provides a process for the controlled gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock, including: pyrolizing the feedstock to produce a gas product and a solid product, wherein the gas product includes methane and noxious chemicals and the solid product includes carbon; and controlling the pyrolizing step using feedback related to constituents of the gas product. The present invention also provides a system for the controlled gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock, including: a pyrolysis unit including a heater and a conveyor for transporting the feedstock through the heater; a resultant chamber disposed downstream of the pyrolysis unit for separating gas products and solid products; means for adjusting the temperature of the solid products; and a filter for sequestering noxious materials from the gas products, wherein the filter uses at least some of the solid products to filter at least a portion of the gas products.

Methods and apparatus may permit the generation of consistent output synthesis gas from highly variable input feedstock solids carbonaceous materials. A stoichiometric objectivistic chemic environment may be established to stoichiometrically control carbon content in a solid carbonaceous materials gasifier system. Processing of carbonaceous materials may include dominative pyrolytic decomposition and multiple coil carbonaceous reformation. Dynamically adjustable process determinative parameters may be utilized to refine processing, including process utilization of negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, process utilization of flue gas (9), and adjustment of process flow rate characteristics. Recycling may be employed for internal reuse of process materials, including recycled negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, recycled flue gas (9), and recycled contaminants. Synthesis gas generation may involve predetermining a desired synthesis gas for output and creating high yields of such a predetermined desired synthesis gas.

The invention relates to a multi-tube external-heat fume reverse extraction rotary carbide furnace which is provided with an obliquely horizontal type rotary furnace body (1); the high end side of the furnace body is provided with a feed hopper; the lower end side of the furnace body is provided with a discharge hole (14) and a combustion chamber (2); tube bundles (9) which are annularly distributed along a cross section are arranged in the furnace body; carbonized materials and fume channels are isolated, wherein the tube pass is used for the carbonized materials and the shell pass is used for fume. The invention adopts a tubular carbonizing process, which separates heat generated by the carbonized materials and fuels and avoids the problem of excessive carbonization; moreover, the problem that coal tar in a volatile matter is stuck to the surfaces of the carbonized materials again to influence the appearance of the product and activating effect when the fume is reversely sucked back.

The invention discloses continuous rotary biomass pyrolytic charring and boiler heat supply integrated equipment. The equipment comprises raw material conveying equipment, a rotary drying furnace and a rotary charring furnace, and is characterized in that: the raw material conveying equipment is connected with the rotary drying furnace and connected with the rotary charring furnace through a star-like feeder; a material which is pyrolytically charred by the rotary charring furnace is discharged through a charred material outlet; the rotary charring furnace comprises a hearth and a rotary furnace; one path of high-temperature hot gas produced by combustion of an oxygen-containing combustion chamber is conveyed into the hearth of the rotary charring furnace through a flue to enter a charring section; the rotary furnace comprises a barrel, an inner heating tube and a baffle ring; one end head of the inner heating tube is fixed on the barrel wall on one side and passes through the baffle ring to be fixed on the barrel wall on the other side of the baffle ring; after the high-temperature hot gas passes through the hearth through the flue, certain high-temperature hot gas enters one end head of the inner heating tube, is discharged out of the other end head of the inner heating tube, enters a waste heat conveying pipe and is conveyed into the rotary drying furnace through an induced draught fan; and the high-temperature hot gas is conveyed into a biomass boiler through another flue. The equipment can improve the working efficiency of the rotary charring furnace.

The invention discloses a low-temperature carbonization apparatus and method for oil sand, oil sludge, oil shale and biomass. The apparatus comprises a delivery apparatus, a storage bin, a metering apparatus, a drying furnace and a surge bin. The method comprises the following steps: drying, preheating, carbonizing, and cooling. The core of the invention is an external heating type rotary carbonization furnace which realizes the pyrolysis of oil sand, oil shale, oil sludge (oil sludge on the ground, oil sludge at the bottom of a tank and oil-containing sludge from oil refinery) and biomass, and the product is high in purity and low in loss. The invention effectively solves the problems of solid materials such as adhesion, wall accretion and the like in the pyrolysis process by material returning. The technology provided by the invention is simple in process and reliable and stable in operation, and has obvious advantages in the treatment of small particle materials such as oil shale, oil sand, oil sludge (oil sludge on the ground, oil sludge at the bottom of a tank and oil-containing sludge from oil refinery), biomass and the like.

Improved, fuel-efficient systems are provided for the processing of biomass, such as wood or crop residues, food waste or animal waste in order to selectively obtain torrefied and/or carbonized final products. In general, the processes involve thermally drying incoming biomass using a dryer employing the hot gas output of a fuel-operated burner. Next, the dried product is torrefied in an indirect torrefaction reactor so as to evolve light volatile organic compounds which are used as a gaseous fuel source for the burner. The torrefied product can be recovered, or some or all of the torrefied product may be directed to a carbonization reactor coupled with a reactor burner. Carbonization serves to remove most of the remaining VOCs which are used as a gaseous fuel input to the dryer. In certain instances, portions of the dried biomass are directed to the burners, as an additional source of fuel.

A method and apparatus for processing a waste product and producing a synthesis gas is provided. The system includes a sealed, heated rotatable drum for preheating and preparing the waste material suitable for a plasma reactor, and processing the material in the reactor. The synthesis gas created by the reactor is used to preheat the waste material by circulating the hot synthesis gas around the drum. In an alternative embodiment, the hot synthesis gas flows through the drum to preheat the waste material and to clean the synthesis gas. Different methods of cooling and cleaning the synthesis gas are used. The system may comprise two plasma reactors in combination with a rotating desorber drum.

Methods and apparatus may permit the generation of consistent output synthesis gas from highly variable input feedstock solids carbonaceous materials. A stoichiometric objectivistic chemic environment may be established to stoichiometrically control carbon content in a solid carbonaceous materials gasifier system. Processing of carbonaceous materials may include dominative pyrolytic decomposition and multiple coil carbonaceous reformation. Dynamically adjustable process determinative parameters may be utilized to refine processing, including process utilization of negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, process utilization of flue gas (9), and adjustment of process flow rate characteristics. Recycling may be employed for internal reuse of process materials, including recycled negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, recycled flue gas (9), and recycled contaminants. Synthesis gas generation may involve predetermining a desired synthesis gas for output and creating high yields of such a predetermined desired synthesis gas.

Improved, fuel-efficient systems are provided for the processing of biomass, such as wood or crop residues, food waste or animal waste in order to selectively obtain thermally processed final products, such as a combination of torrefied and carbonized final products. The processes involve thermally drying incoming biomass using a dryer employing the hot gas output of a fuel-operated burner. Next, the dried product is torrefied in an indirect torrefaction reactor so as to evolve light volatile organic compounds which are used as a gaseous fuel source for the burner. Some or all of the torrefied product can be recovered, or some or all of the torrefied product is then directed to a separate carbonization reactor coupled with a reactor burner. Carbonization serves to remove most of the remaining VOCs which are used as a gaseous fuel input to the dryer.

The invention discloses a carbonization furnace for producing biomass charcoal. The carbonization furnace comprises a smoke tube, a rotary furnace body, a feeding hopper, a discharging hopper and an oil and gas discharging pipe, wherein the rotary furnace body is supported by rotary supporting rollers; the feeding hopper, the discharging hopper and the oil and gas discharging pipe are arranged on the rotary furnace body; the smoke tube is arranged in the rotary furnace body and is coaxial with the rotary furnace body; and the inner wall of the rotary furnace body is provided with helical blades or an angle which is more than 5 degrees and less than 30 degrees is formed between the coaxial line of the smoke tube and the rotary furnace body and the horizontal plane. The biomass charcoal is produced by the following steps that: a biomass material enters the carbonization furnace from the feeding hopper; a motor drives the carbonization furnace to rotate; the helical blades in the furnace stir the material and push the biomass material to move forwards or from top to bottom; the material absorbs the heat of the outer wall so as to evaporate the moisture; and the biomass material is carbonized and discharged from the discharging hopper. The carbonization furnace has the advantages of realizing continuous production, saving the energy resource, improving the production efficiency and reducing the labor intensity, along with simple production process, high efficiency, low labor consumption and low labor intensity.

A system for recycling solid waste into energy includes a heated enclosure 66, one or more input conveyors 60, 67 move waste materials through the heated enclosure, provide a flow line with a temperature gradient of at least 150F°, and mechanically move the waste particles and the residual solids along the flow line. A heated rotary drum 74 is in fluid communication with the flow line, and condenser unit 94, 98 receive vapors from the flow line and the rotary drum and output hydrocarbons. One or more discharge conveyors 76 discharge carbon black from the rotary drum. Control valves 80, 82 seal a vacuum downstream from the discharge conveyors, and control valves 34, 46 seal vacuum upstream from the one or more input conveyors. Various types of vacuum pumps may be used to maintain a selected vacuum between the control valves.

Methods and apparatus may permit the generation of consistent output synthesis gas from highly variable input feedstock solids carbonaceous materials. A stoichiometric objectivistic chemic environment may be established to stoichiometrically control carbon content in a solid carbonaceous materials gasifier system. Processing of carbonaceous materials may include dominative pyrolytic decomposition and multiple coil carbonaceous reformation. Dynamically adjustable process determinative parameters may be utilized to refine processing, including process utilization of negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, process utilization of flue gas (9), and adjustment of process flow rate characteristics. Recycling may be employed for internal reuse of process materials, including recycled negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, recycled flue gas (9), and recycled contaminants. Synthesis gas generation may involve predetermining a desired synthesis gas for output and creating high yields of such a predetermined desired synthesis gas.

The invention discloses biomass pyrolysis carbonization system equipment and relates to the field of pyrolysis carbonization equipment. The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system equipment is characterized in that a biomass raw material storage tank is connected to a breaker; the breaker is connected to a drying device; the drying device is connected respectively to a dust-removal and desulfurization device and a pyrolysis carbonization rotary furnace; the dust-removal and desulfurization device is connected to an induced draft fan; the induced draft fan is connected to a chimney; the pyrolysis carbonization rotary furnace is connected respectively to an oil-gas separation device and a black carbon storage bin; the oil-gas separation device is connected respectively to a combustible gas bottle storage tank and an oil-water separation device; the oil-water separation device is connected respectively to an oil storage tank and a pyroligneous liquor purifier; and the pyrolysis carbonization rotary furnace is connected to the drying device. The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system equipment realizes high-efficiency carbonization treatment on biomass, continuous feeding and continuous discharge, has a high carbon yield, improves a work environment, realizes industrial production, and has short carbonization time and low energy consumption.

A system for refining hydrocarbon containing materials in a continuous coking mode may provide a pyrolyzer (1) which may be inclined to effect a liquid seal between a liquid conduction environment (6) and a gaseous conduction environment (7). A heat source (9) may heat the material past the coking point and the system may include a screw or auger (10) which can continuously remove the coke while simultaneously outputting refined products.

Mobile plant, for thermally treating a feed stream, comprising a first unit designed for heating the feed oil (Unit I); ii. a second unit comprising a rotating reactor designed to perform the thermal processing (pyrolizing) of the feed oil and a vapour solid separator (Unit II); and iii. a third unit (Unit III) that is a product separation unit and that is preferably configured for recycling at least part of the treated feed stream (heavy oil), recovered in Unit III, into Unit I. The first unit and/or the second unit is (are) configured for injecting a sweep gas in the feed oil and/or in the rotating reactor, and/or the second unit is configured in a way that the rotating reactor may work under positive pressure. The processes for thermally treating a feed material by using a mobile plant. The uses of the processes for various environmental and non-environmental applications. Processes for manufacturing the mobile plants. Uses of oil containing resins (such as cracked and/or polarized oils) for cleaning purposes and other specialty applications.

The invention discloses a rotary hearth furnace and method for treating low-rank coal and iron-containing materials. Specifically, the rotary hearth furnace comprises a rotary furnace bottom, a ring-shaped hearth, a first retaining wall, a second retaining wall, a low-rank coal inlet, an iron-containing material inlet, a chain plate device, a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a reduction product outlet, wherein a pyrolysis area, a reduction area and a discharge area are sequentially formed in the rotating direction of the rotary furnace bottom, a first gap is formed between the bottom end of the first retaining wall and the rotary furnace bottom, a second gap is formed between the bottom end of the second retaining wall and the rotary furnace bottom, and the chain plate device is arranged in the pyrolysis area. Accordingly, the low-rank coal can be utilized comprehensively, pyrolysis oil gas is prevented from being polluted by reducing gas or volatile components generated in the treatment process, and the rotary hearth furnace has at least one of the following advantages of being low in production cost, high in reduction product and pyrolysis oil gas quality, good in economic benefits and the like.

A pyrolysis plant 20 comprises a grinding pyrolyser 22, being a machine or apparatus in which both particle size reduction and pyrolysis occur simultaneously. Plant 20 also comprises a bin (hopper) 30 for holding wet particulate biomass feedstock. Chute 32 leads from the bin 30 to a biomass dryer 34 which reduces moisture content of the feedstock as low as possible, e.g., to below about 10. Dried feedstock is conveyed from dryer 34 via line 36 to a dried biomass feedstock hopper 38. Dried feedstock is fed from hopper 38 into a chute 40 which leads to an inlet trunnion 42 of grinding pyrolyser 22. A discharge trunnion 44 of grinding pyrolyser 22 leads to a char holder 60 for collecting char particles and a condensation train 62 for condensing vapour generated by the pyrolysis to produce oil.

The invention discloses a quality-improving technique combining a low-rank coal pneumatic drying with a multi-tube revolving destructive distillation and a system for the same, wherein the technique comprises a coal flow and a hot smoke flow, and both of the coal flow and the hot smoke flow comprise a drying process and a destructive distillation process which are connected with each other; the system comprises a gas flow drying system and a multi-tube revolving destructive distillation system which are connected with each other. The quality-improving technique combining a low-rank coal pneumatic drying with a multi-tube revolving destructive distillation and the system for the same disclosed by the invention realize a cascade efficient utilization for a high-temperature smoke, and increase the energy utilization rate of the whole system. The quality-improving technique combining a low-rank coal pneumatic drying with a multi-tube revolving destructive distillation and the system for the same disclosed by the invention have the advantages of high energy utilization rate, safe and stable system, small treatment capacity for destructive distillation gas, small treatment capacity for coking wastewater, high yield of tar, high calorific value of coal gas etc. The quality-improving technique combining a low-rank coal pneumatic drying with a multi-tube revolving destructive distillation and the system for the same disclosed by the invention also can recover chemical raw materials such as coal tar generated during a low-rank coal low-temperature destructive distillation process, and increase the comprehensive utilization rate of coal. Via the technique, a powdery or granular semicoke which is low in volatile matter, high in low caloric value and good in stability is produced by a quality-improving technique using a low-rank coal low-temperature destructive distillation. The technique is suitable for producing a civil or industrial coal gas with a medium caloric value by a quality-improving technique using a low-rank coal low-temperature destructive distillation.