The present invention discloses a digital image processing-based water level measuring instrument which comprises a fixed column, a microprocessor, a generator and a lantern ring, a mounting seat is fixed to the top of the fixed column through a bolt, a storage battery is fixed in the right side of the mounting seat in an embedded manner, and a mounting box is placed in the left side of the mounting seat in an embedded manner; a remote data receiving module, an image processor assembly, a remote data transmission module and a microprocessor are fixed in the mounting box, power connection heads are oppositely fixed to the side of the storage battery and the side of the mounting box, water inlet filter holes are formed in the outer side of the bottom of a fixed column, and a positioning strip is connected to the outer side of a movable rod; and a storage groove is reserved in the bottom edge, close to the mounting box, of the mounting base, and a generator is mounted on the side, close to the storage battery, in the mounting base in an embedded mode. According to the digital image processing-based water level measuring instrument, power connection and power generation operation is conducted through buoyancy and flowing force of water, and meanwhile the high-definition camera can be protected in a retractable mode.