The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing devices for transformers, in particular to an anti-explosion fire extinguishing device for a transformer. The anti-explosion fire extinguishing device for the transformer comprises a fire extinguishing cabinet, an oil discharging pipe, a nitrogen charging pipe, the transformer, an oil collection pond and a control cabinet. A nitrogen charging opening and a discharged oil inlet are formed in the top end of the fire extinguishing cabinet. An anti-explosion pipe is arranged on the oil discharging pipe, a pressure adjusting controller is arranged at the tail end of the anti-explosion pipe, and a pressure adjusting anti-explosion membrane is arranged at the end, close to the pressure adjusting controller, of the anti-explosion pipe. According to the anti-explosion fire extinguishing device for the transformer, the fire extinguishing device is connected with the transformer to discharge high-temperature oil in the transformer timely. Nitrogen charged into the transformer can reduce the temperature of the oil in the transformer on the one hand to prevent the spread of the fire, and on the other hand, when the nitrogen is charged into the transformer and rises to the oil level, the air and the combustion oil level are isolated, and fire is extinguished rapidly. Meanwhile, the pressure adjusting controller and the pressure adjusting anti-explosion membrane are arranged, so that the anti-explosion performance is good.