The invention discloses a transformer area user-transformer relation identification system based on transmitting and decoding equipment, and relates to the field of transformer area user-transformer relation identification systems, which comprises a first-stage box transformer area, a second-stage branch box area, a third-stage electric meter and a circuit breaker area behind the electric meter, and is characterized in that code transmitting equipment is connected in parallel to a live line and a null line of a circuit breaker behind the electric meter; a traceability signal is superposed on the live wire, and the traceability signal is uploaded step by step. The decoding device is installed in a live wire of a molded case circuit breaker in a box transformer area or a branch box area, is sleeved in the live wire through the open-type mutual inductor, receives a traceability signal transmitted by the code sending device through the open-type mutual inductor, converts and analyzes the signal through the processor, and finally forms readable information. The traceability of the line topology is completed, the identification of the user change relation is formed, and a topological graph can be formed through an upper application APP; according to the invention, the topology of all the user-to-change relations can be established step by step, and a set of comprehensive user-to-change relation network diagram is formed.