The invention discloses an animal body temperature measuring device and obtaining method based on passive wireless radio frequency capsules. The device comprises an internal system and an external structure. The internal system comprises an energy emission module, an energy collection module, a rectification and voltage regulation module, a temperature collection module, a first central processing module, a signal emission module, a signal receiving module and a second central processing module. The external structure comprises one or more grain-shaped cylinder passive radio frequency RFID capsules and a radio frequency reader. Each passive radio frequency RFID capsule comprises a first RFID chip, an MEMS temperature senor, an induction coil and a capsule body, wherein the first RFID chip is provided with a rectification and voltage regulation circuit. The passive radio frequency RFID capsules are 4-7 mm long, and the radius of each passive radio frequency RFID capsule is 1.5-3 mm. By means of the animal body temperature measuring device based on the passive wireless radio frequency capsules, livestock and poultry body temperature detection is remarkably simplified, livestock and poultry individual identities are bound with body temperatures, and online monitoring of the individual body temperatures in the livestock and poultry breeding process is conducted.