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This invention relates to the technical field of gearbox structures, specifically a gearbox device for robot joints. It includes upper and lower gearbox housings, input and output shafts, and meshing high- and low-speed helical gears. A semi-circular annular plate is installed within the gear housing cavity, and a positioning box is rotatably mounted thereon. A counterweight is provided at the bottom of the positioning box to maintain its vertical orientation under gravity. An oil delivery assembly and a control assembly are integrated within the positioning box. The oil delivery assembly includes an infusion pump, an input pipe, and an output pipe. The input pipe extends to the bottom of the cavity, and the output pipe faces the meshing area of ​​the high-speed gear. The control assembly includes a gravity sensor switch for detecting the device's orientation. When the gearbox rotates with the joint to a vertical position, causing the high-speed gear to detach from the liquid surface, the gravity sensor switch triggers the infusion pump to start, forcibly delivering lubricating oil from the bottom to the high-speed gear. This invention solves the problem of insufficient lubrication and wear of the high-speed gear due to orientation changes, achieving adaptive active lubrication, with a compact structure and reliable operation.