The invention discloses a method for determining dissolved organic matters (DOM) in a culture wastewater duckweed treatment system, which comprises the following steps: detecting the heavy metal concentration in the culture wastewater duckweed treatment system, and obtaining the heavy metal concentration in culture wastewater; inquiring a preset heavy metal concentration/fluorescent component datatable to obtain the molecular weight and type of the dissolved organic matters in the culture wastewater duckweed treatment system aiming at the obtained heavy metal concentration in the culture wastewater, wherein the heavy metal concentration/fluorescent component data table includes heavy metal concentration, dissolved organic matter molecular weight, mapping relations corresponding to the heavy metal concentration and the dissolved organic matter molecular weight, heavy metal concentration, dissolved organic matter types and mapping relations corresponding to the heavy metal concentrationand the dissolved organic matter types. The determination method has the advantages of rapidness, stability, reliability, high efficiency and the like, components of the DOM in the duckweed treatmentsystem can be identified, meanwhile, the relation between the components of the DOM and the heavy metal concentration is clear, and the method has a very good application prospect in actual treatmentof culture wastewater.