The invention provides a feeding device and method with automatically-adjusted feeding amount. The feeding device is installed above a mold conveying rail of a prefabricated plate production line, thefeeding device comprises a machine frame, a material bin, a hopper, a load device, a rotary feeding valve and a controller, wherein the material bin, the hopper and the rotary feeding valve are in sequential communication from top to bottom, the load device is arranged on the machine frame, the material bin, the hopper, the rotary feeding valve and a built-in thick-liquid material weight are allapplied to a load end of the load device, and a data interface of the load device is electrically connected to the controller. According to the feeding device, the feeding amount in one feeding periodmonitored online by the load device is acquired by the controller, the rotating speed of an impeller of the rotary feeding valve is adjusted online, so that the purpose of automatically adjusting thefeeding amount is achieved; an on-line sliding filter can eliminate field mechanical vibration interference and pulse interference, so that the precision of feeding amount detection is improved, andthe on-line monitoring real-time performance requirement is met; and the device is compact in structure and high in automation degree, and the working efficiency and the product quality can be improved.