The invention discloses a sensor layout optimization and rapid deployment method for a wireless visual sensing network, and the method comprises the following specific steps: 1, building a visual sensing network model which comprises a sensing model, a space model, a coverage model and a reconstruction error model; step 2, coverage rate and reconstruction quality definition; 3, multi-objective optimization overall design is carried out; and 4, quickly deploying the visual sensing network. According to the method, a multi-objective optimization algorithm can be designed in a given three-dimensional space according to the target requirements of large coverage range and small reconstruction error, a reasonable camera layout scheme (including camera positions and azimuth angles) is provided, actual installation and debugging of the cameras are guided, manpower and material resources can be greatly saved, network deployment is accelerated, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The dimension reduction search method can solve the problem of sensor layout in any shape space, reduce the number of optimization variables and improve the optimization speed.