The invention discloses a series of rhein aminophosphonate derivatives, and a synthetic method and applications thereof. The synthetic method of the rhein aminophosphonate derivatives comprises: taking rhein and an alpha-aminophosphonate as raw materials, dissolving in a polar solvent, in the presence of a catalyst HOBT and a condensing agent EDAC, reacting completely; and adding trichloromethane into the reaction liquid, washing with water, collecting the organic layer, applying to silica gel for column chromatography, eluting with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether with a volume ratio of 1:4-100 to obtain the corresponding derivative. The rhein aminophosphonate derivatives have the structural general formula (I) as shown in the description, wherein R is p-bromophenyl, o-bromophenyl, m-bromophenyl, p-fluorophenyl, o-fluorophenyl, p-chlorophenyl, m-chlorophenyl, o-chlorophenyl, m-methoxyphenyl, o-methoxyphenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, p-methoxyphenyl, m-methylphenyl, p-methylphenyl, m-fluorophenyl or anthryl.