The invention discloses an action living body recognition method based on attitude estimation and action detection, and relates to the technical field of biological recognition. The method comprises the steps: recognizing a real person and an attack by enabling a user to cooperate to do an action, wherein an action instruction set is random, so whether the user is a living body or not can be judged more accurately; before a living body is made, in order to improve the one-time passing rate of a real person, carrying out the light recognition, face recognition in a circle, face alignment screenrecognition and face occlusion recognition on a user; estimating a depression angle, a deflection angle and a rotation angle of the user by adopting a posture estimation PSECNN model, and performinghead shaking, nodding and head raising recognition on the user, so as to accurately recognize the head action of the user; when blinking and mouth opening actions are identified, adopting an MCNN model and an ECNN model to replace mainstream detection based on feature points, so the blinking and mouth opening identification rate is ensured in precision; in vivo detection, action instructions are random, actions and action sequences need to be accurate, anti-copying recognition is carried out, and safety is higher.