The invention discloses an optical illumination system for linear CCD scanning. The optical illumination system at least comprises a first linear light source, a second linear light source, a third linear light source, a spectroscope, a second Fresnel lens, a third Fresnel lens, a second retroreflector and a third retroreflector. The first linear light source, the second linear light source and the third linear light source are arranged above a detected object and on the front side face and the rear side face of the detected object respectively, and are all horizontally arranged, the right upper surface, the front side face and the rear side face of the detected object are irradiated at the same time, and shadowless lighting is achieved. The first linear light source, the second linear light source and the third linear light source are all formed by matching low-power halogen lamps with optical fibers. The optical illumination system is high in uniformity, large in incident angle and capable of achieving stereoscopic illumination of the front face and the side faces on the detected object, the reflected light of a scanned object directly enters a CCD to be imaged, no optical filter is needed, the resolution range is wide, the limiting requirement for scanned materials is low, the light path structure is simple, energy consumption is low, the energy rate is high, and the service life is long.