The invention discloses a speed ring fuzzy control and high-frequency injection method-based sensorless control system, which comprises a PMSM module, a Clark transformation module, a Park transformation module, a rotor parameter estimation module, a high-frequency signal injection module, a first comparator module, a fuzzy controller module, an MTPA module, a second comparator module, a first PI adjusting module, a third comparator module, a second PI adjusting module, a Park inverse transformation module, an SVPWM module and an inverter module. In rotor angle and rotating speed estimation, a high-frequency signal injection method is especially suitable for a zero speed and a low speed, and meanwhile, a traditional PI speed adjuster is replaced with a fuzzy controller. In a permanent magnet synchronous motor vector control system, the robustness of fuzzy control is high, the interference and the influence of a parameter change on the control effect are greatly reduced, the sensorless control system is especially suitable for control on nonlinear, time-varying and pure delay systems, simulation of manual control process and method is facilitated and the adaptive capacity of the control system is strengthened.