The invention discloses an identification method of Dalbergia oliveri in red sandalwood, primers, a probe and application of the primers and the probe. The primers and probe have exclusive specificity to Daldergia oliveri. According to the present invention, the detection sample capacity is small, the species identification results of Dalbergia oliveri can be quickly, accurately and objectively obtained based on the unique DNA information of wood, the defects of traditional identification methods which are highly subjective and have to be established based on the complete and easily identifiable morphological structure of the tested wood are avoided, and high specificity and high sensitivity of Dalbergia oliveri detection are realized. Therefore, the method of the invention can be used for law enforcement detection by relevant departments such as agriculture, forestry, industry and commerce, inspection and quarantine, and can also be used for consumer rights identification of third-party inspection institutions. The invention is of great significance to regulate the market, protect the rights of consumers, and promote the protection and utilization of species resources.