The invention discloses a distributed well drilling simulation system and an operation method. The distributed well drilling simulation system comprises a choke-line manifold (101), a high pressure manifold (102), a blowout preventer console (103), a flow blocking machine console (104), a long-distance console (105), a driller console (106), a teacher console (107) and a figure projecting unit (108), wherein the driller console (106), the long-distance console (105), the blowout preventer console (103), the flow blocking machine console (104), the choke-line manifold (101) and the high pressure manifold (102) are interconnected through a PPI (processor/peripheral interface) protocol, and the teacher console (107) is connected with the PPI protocol through a PPI interface. The operation method comprises the steps of drilling down, pilling out of a hole, drilling, accident and complex condition processing, well shutting, well killing and the like. The invention has the advantages of realizing the simulation of a top driving well drilling simulation with highly simulation, enhancing the liveness of teaching and training, shortening training period and reducing the training cost.