The invention relates to a high-speed horizontal reciprocating type extrusion and dehydration machine for fruit and vegetable waste. The high-speed horizontal reciprocating type extrusion and dehydration machine comprises a pump station support, a hydraulic power station, a body frame, an extrusion main oil cylinder, an extrusion barrel cavity, an extrusion column, a feeding opening, an extrusionmain drill bit, a first-stage screening barrel, a screening barrel housing, a second-stage screening barrel, a drainage trough, an extrusion auxiliary drill bit, a slag outlet cavity, an extrusion auxiliary oil cylinder, a discharging screw conveyor and a discharging opening. Dehydration reduction can be achieved, the aims of reducing the volume of fruit and vegetable waste and reducing the watercontent of fruit and vegetable waste are achieved, and therefore the problems that when fruit and vegetable waste is incinerated, efficiency is low, the storage capacity is consumed by sanitary landfill, a great amount of percolate is generated, the period of aerobic composting is long, and the occupied area is large are solved.