The invention relates to a prestressed thermal insulation oil casing. The prestressed thermal insulation oil casing is characterized by comprising an outer tube, a middle tube and an inner tube which are sleeved at intervals, wherein an internal thread is processed on one end of the middle tube, an external thread is processed on the other end of the middle tube, one end, which is provided with the internal thread, of the middle tube is welded with the outer tube at a tube end, and is welded with the inner tube at a reserved internal thread length position, one end, which is provided with the external thread, of the middle tube is welded with the outer tube at a reserved external thread length position, and is welded with the inner tube at a tube end; an annulus, which is formed by the outer tube and the middle tube, is filled with a thermal insulation material, and is vacuumized so as to form a first thermal insulation layer, after an annulus, which is formed by the middle tube and the inner tube, is vacuumized, inert gas is filled so as to form a second thermal insulation layer; the prestressed thermal insulation oil casing comprises the following production steps of pretreating three tubes, sleeving and welding the inner tube and the middle tube, treating the annulus of the inner tube and the middle tube, sleeving and welding the outer tube and the middle tube, treating the annulus of the outer tube and the middle tube, testing a visible heat conductivity coefficient and processing screw threads on two ends of the middle tube in sequence. The prestressed thermal insulation oil casing is provided with three layers of steel pipes and two layers of thermal insulation structures, so that the prestressed thermal insulation oil casing has good thermal insulation performance and excellent working performance.