The invention relates to a kit for detecting brain natriuretic peptide in blood serum and provides the kit for detecting brain natriuretic peptide by nano microsphere immunonephelometry, which has the characteristics of no need of dilution of a sample, simple operation, high precision, good repeatability and suitability for a clinically common used automatic biochemical analyzer, in order to solve technical problems. The invention adopts a technical scheme that the kit for detecting the brain natriuretic peptide by nano microsphere immunonephelometry comprises the following components: a, a reagent R1 which comprises buffer solution, a preservative, a stabilizing agent, an electrolyte, a surfactant, and the balance of water; b, a reagent R2 which comprises buffer solution, nano microspheres combined with brain natriuretic peptide antibodies and a preservative, wherein the diameter of the microspheres is 50 to 150 nm; and c, a reference calibration material which comprises buffer solution, a stabilizing agent, a preservative, a recombinant brain natriuretic peptide pure product which is added in a corresponding amount according to the required concentration of the BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) reference calibration material, and the balance of water.