111 results about "Bungarus" patented technology

The invention discloses cathelicidin-BF and a gene and application thereof, which belong to the field of biomedicine. The cathelicidin-BF is straight chain polypeptide and contains thirty amino acid residues, the molecular weight is 3,637.54Da, and the isoelectric point is 11.79. The complete sequence of the cathelicidin-BF is lysine-phenyl alanine-phenyl alanine-arginine-lysine-leucine- lysine-lysine-serine-valine-lysine-lysine-arginine-lactamine-lysine-glutamic acid-phenyl alanine- phenyl alanine-lysine-lysine-proline-arginine-valine-isoleucine-glycin-valine-serine-isoleucine- praline-phenyl alanine. The gene for encoding the cathelicidin-BF consists of 750 ribonucleotides, wherein 484th to 573rd ribonucleotides are used for encoding a mature peptide part. The cathelicidin-BF has small molecular weight, strong sterilization effect, and quick action time, and has quite strong killing function to a plurality of kinds of clinical drug-fast bacteria. In addition, the cathelicidin-BF also has the advantages of broad-spectrum antibiotics, salt independence and so on.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine capsule for treating lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion, hyperosteogeny, periarthritis humeroscapularis, arthritis and cervical spondylosis, which is prepared from the following traditional Chinese medicines: 50g of draconis sanguis, 150g of safflower, 60g of pawpaw, 150g of red sage root, 35g of szechuan aconite, 100g of black ants, 150g of american lopseed, 100g of angelica, 100g of achyranthes, 100g of radix angelicae pubescentis, 70g of fructus liquidambaris, 35g of wild aconite, 150g of licorice, 150g of clematis root, 35g of ground beetle, 70g of chuanxiong rhizome, 20 centipedes, 30g of nux vomica, 100g of bungarus parvus and 50g of scorpion. The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine capsule comprises the following steps of: preparing the traditional Chinese medicines; airing; then crushing the traditional Chinese medicines into fine powder by using a crusher; and encapsulating the fine powder into a hollow capsule. 2-3 capsules are taken each time for three times per day, and a course of treatment lasts for 30 days. The traditional Chinese medicine capsule provided by the invention has the advantages of rich medicine sources, low price and wide market prospects, and is convenient to prepare.

A traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating osteopathia comprises two groups of composing prescriptions, namely, the first group is as follows: a medicinal plaster A is prepared by centipede, scorpion, bungarus parvus, zaocys dhumnade, lumbricus, pangolin scales, ground beeltle, honeybee, black ants, moschus and venenum bufonis; the second group is as follows: a medicinal plaster B is prepared by semen strychni, aconitum brachypodum, flos daturae, radix aconiti, cortex cinnamomi, radix aconiti carmichaeli, panax notoginseng, ligusticum chuanxiong, radix dipsaci, radix cyathulae, fructus psoraleae, borneol, rhizoma homalomenae, radix clematidis, herba ephedra, herba asari cum radice, rhizoma sparganii, rhizoma curcumae, angelica sinensis, flos carthami, radix angelicae pubescentis, honeycomb, cortex eucommiae and semen momordicae. The medicinal plaster A and the medicinal plaster B are alternately applied while the two plasters are utilized. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation can also be prepared into various doses of medicinal plasters, ointments and externally-applied medicinal oils, and can be brewed into the medicinal liquor after being slightly adjusted or decocted to a decoction for oral administration. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the traditional Chinese medicine preparation is utilized to treat the diseases, such as osteoproliferation, osteoarthritis and degenerative osteoarthritis, and has the characteristics of being remarkable in efficacy, stable in effect, long in storage period, unlikely to relapse, flexible to prepare, convenient to use and taking effect quickly.

The invention discloses a Chinese traditional medicine prescription for treating tumor, belonging to the pharmaceutical field, and aiming to adopt a Chinese medicinal herb prescription to prepare a new oral decoction for treating tumor. The Chinese traditional medicine prescription comprises the following materials by weight: 1 to 1.5 portions of peach kernels, 1 to 1.5 portions of safflower, 1 to 3 portions of rhubarb, 5 to 10 portions of cortex albizziae, 3 to 5 portions of Chinese violet, 3 to 5 portions of dandelion, 5 to 10 portions of bungarus parvus, 3 to 5 portions of chaulmoogra, 3 to 5 portions of rhizoma corydalis, 3 to 5 portions of curcuma longa, 1 to 3 portions of hedyotis diffusa willd, 5 to 10 portions of cochichina momordica seeds, 3 to 5 portions of phellodendron, 3 to 6 portions of romaine, 1 to 3 portions of coptis chinensis, 2 to 5 portions of prunella vulgaris, 0.3 to 1 portion of white peppers, 0.3 to 1 portion of snake skin, 0.3 to 1 portion of jujube and 0.3 to 1 portion of croton. The components are decocted to form the Chinese traditional medicine prescription for treating tumor. Aiming to different conditions, the decoction is appropriately taken to achieve the efficacies of improving collateral circulation, strengthening body resistance, sweating and exogenous pathogenic factors by combining with external application for acupuncture points; in addition, the prescription not only can treat the tumor, but also can relieve pains.

The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicaments and the identification on Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a PCR method capable of specifically identifying bungarus parvus and a specific primer thereof. When the method is used to identify the true or false of the bungarus parvus, the identification on the true or false of a sample can be finished through simple DNA extraction, PCR specific amplification and electrophoresis detection. The method has the advantages of simple operation, strong specificity, good repetitiveness and the like. The method is mainly used for the rapid identification of bungarus parvus medicinal materials, preparations containing the bungarus parvus and bungarus parvus living materials.

The invention relates to a herbal anesthetic, which comprises Venenum Bufonis, unprocessed Radix aconiti, rhizoma arisaematis, unprocessed Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, unprocessed Semen Strychni, unprocessed Rhizoma Pinelliae, stellera chamaejasme, Bungarus Parvus, borneol, asarum, dandelion, mint, Zanthoxylum nitidum, Liaoxiang, Murraya paniculata, Lycopodii herb, asarum, and suberect spatholobus stem. Being prepared from traditional Chinese medicines, the herbal anesthetic provided by the invention has fast anesthetic action and small side effect, can be used for superficial operations and general anesthesia, and can be used for implementing deep operations after taking an increased dosage according to operation requirements.

The invention relates to a plaster, in particular to an arthralgia plaster with the effect of expelling wind and removing dampness, activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, and relieving pain and preparation method, comprising rhiaoma liguistici 300 to 600g, radix stephaniae tetrandrae 150 to 300g, olibanum 225 to 450g, phellodendron bark 300 to 600g, notopterygium incisium 150 to 300g, cyathula root 150 to 300g, dragon blood 225 to 450g, monkshood 120 to 240g, rhizoma corydalis 30 to 60g, dioscorea spongiosa 30 to 60g, milettia reticulata 225 to 450g, sargentgloryvine stem 225 to 450g, Chinese taxillus twig 45 to 90g, Chinese quince 30 to 60g, scorpion 225 to 450g, bungarus parvus 30 to 60g, myrrh 225 to 450g, herba lycopodii 225 to 450g, piper longum 30 to 60g. The plaster has the functions of activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, expelling wind and removing dampness, relieving pain, softening and resolving hard masses, and has obvious therapeutic effect for leg and waist pain caused by hyperosteogeny.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine, in particular to a traditional Chinese medical compound preparation for treating rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis. The traditional Chinese medicine comprises the following components based on portions by weight: 6-12 portions of peach kernels, 6-12 portions of red flowers, 6-12 portions of donkey-hide glues, 9-15 portions of jujube kernels, 9-18 portions of paniculate swallowwort root, 2-5 portions of asarum herbs, 9-15 portions of angelica root, 2-5 portions of cinnamon, 3-8 portions of syzygium aromaticum, 5-10 portions of zaocys dhumnade, 3-6 portions of bungarus parvus, 9-15 portions of notopterygium root, 9-15 portions of radix angelicae pubescentis, 9-18 portions of berba aristolochiae mollissimae, 9-18 portions of citrus chirocarpus, 3-9 portions of licorice root, 9-15 portions of radix ligustici sinensis and 6-10 portions of myrrh. The traditional Chinese medicines are evenly mixed according to a certain proportion, 60-100 meshes of the medicines are pulverized, powder can be prepared according to the convention, and the traditional Chinese medicine powder pulverized into the fine powder is sterilized and placed into a capsule, wherein the weight of each capsule is 0.45g. The invention can effectively treat arthralgia and flexion and extension negative caused by the rheumatism rheumatoid arthritis and can simultaneously treat symptoms of protrusion of lumbar vertebral disc, hyperosteogeny, sciatica, and the like.

The invention discloses a facial palsy rectify patch and a treatment method. The rectify patch consists of medicines and the patches for bearing the medicines. The medicines are made of master medicines and auxiliary medicines. The master medicines comprise the medicines as follows: radix astragali, cassia twig, gambir plant, red peony, salvia miltiorrhiza, szechuan lovage rhizome, kudzuvine root, great burdock achene, earthworm, weeping forsythiae capsule, baical skullcap root, honeysuckle flower, medcinal evodia fruit, zedoary root, turmeric, divaricate saposhnikovia root, magnetite, Bungarus multicinctus, Chinese sage herb, simpleleaf shrub chastetree fruit and paris polyphylla; while the auxiliary medicines comprise one milliliter of laurocapam with a concentration of one percent. The invention can make full use of the Chinese medicine effect and has quick medical effect and obvious efficacy; the medicine is stuck at the joints, channels and collaterals on the surface corresponding to the human body viscera so as to exert a certain positive excitation, so that the nerves can change during the process of energy conversion and information coding; the invention also can activate, enhance, decrease or deactivate some enzymes inside the cell, thereby promoting the body own solution and the recovery ability through the nerves and the internal secretion so as to cure diseases and eliminate symptoms.

The invention relates to a composition of Chinese traditional medicine for treating rheumatism and arthralgia, belonging to the field of preparation of Chinese traditional medicine. The composition consists of the following ingredients as follows according to their weight parts: 5-20 parts by weight of frankincense, 5-20 parts by weight of myrrh, 1-10 parts by weight of safflower, 1-10 parts by weight of ephedra stem, 5-20 parts by weight of cassia twig, 10-30 parts by weight of garden balsam stem, 5-20 parts by weight of clematis root, 5-20 parts by weight of ramulus mori, 1-10 parts by weight of asarum, and a bungarus or black-striped snake. The invention has good effectiveness to rheumatism and arthralgia.

The invention discloses a Chinese medicinal preparation for treating lumbar interveterbral disc protrusion. The preparation is prepared by the following medicines: 30 to 40 parts by weight of ground beetle, 65 to 80 parts by weight of clematis root, 30 to 45 parts by weight of radices sileris, 30 to 50 parts by weight of dragons blood, 30 to 50 parts by weight of Chinese angelica, 30 to 50 parts by weight of myrrh, 30 to 50 parts by weight of notopterygium root, 30 to 50 parts by weight of rhizoma corydalis and 2 to 7 parts by weight of Bungarus Parvus. The Chinese medicinal preparation for treating lumbar interveterbral disc protrusion provided in the invention has reasonable composition, low cost and good drug effects and shows a strong curative effect on treating lumbar interveterbral disc protrusion.

The invention relates to a rheumatism pain relief medicine for treating rheumatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) respectively distilling rhizoma atractylodis, radix clematidis, turmeric, radix angelicae pubescentis and notopterygium root, and extracting volatile oil; (2) adding water into the decoction dregs of the rhizoma atractylodis and radix clematidis and red flower for decocting and extracting; (3) adding water into the decoction dregs of the turmeric, radix angelicae pubescentis and notopterygium root, golden cypress and Caulis Spatholobi for decocting and extracting; (4) extracting the decoction dregs by using ethanol; (5) adding the filtrates in the step (2) and the step (3) into the distilled aqueous solution in the step (1), and concentrating into extract for later use; (6) adding apiary and the fried frankincense into ethanol for extracting, and concentrating into thick paste; and (7) grinding nine raw material medicines such as Bungarus Parvus, long-noded pit viper, zaocys dhumnade, ground beeltle, fried myrrh, scorpio, centipede, earthworm and cassia twig, and screening for later use; merging the thick paste obtained in the steps (4), (5) and (6), performing dry mixing on the raw medicine powder in the step (7), wetting the extract, uniformly mixing, preparing granules, spraying the volatile oil, moistening and performing split charging. The method has the characteristic that the extraction rate of active ingredients is increased.

The invention discloses a plaster, and belongs to the technical field of application of traditional Chinese medicines. The plaster is prepared from the following raw medicines in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of toad skin, 15-30 parts of bungarus parvus, 15-30 parts of centipede, 15-30 parts of scorpion, 10-20 parts of pangolin scales, 5-15 parts of moschus, 15-30 parts of saussurea involucrate, 20-30 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 15-30 parts of frankincense, 15-30 parts of myrrh, 20-40 parts of dragon's blood, 20-40 parts of rhizoma cibotii, 20-40 parts of caulis spatholobi, 20-40 parts of common threewingnut root, 20-40 parts of radix aconiti, 20-30 parts of rhizoma gastrodiae, 20-30 parts of white mustard seed, 20-30 parts of fructus xanthii, 100-150 parts of minium and 800-1,000 parts of oleum sesami. The plaster has the significant advantages of being fast in effect, short in course of the treatment, remarkable in effect, low in cost and safe, free of toxic or side effect and the like.

The invention provides a group of aptamers for specific recognition of beta-bungatotoxin and use thereof. The aptamers provided by the invention are any single-chain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1-4 in a sequence table. The aptamers and the beta-bungatotoxin have high affinity and specificity, and have broad application prospects in detection of the beta-bungatotoxin and diagnosis of bungarus multicintus bite.

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, which aims at solving the technical problems in the prior art that wind-cold-dampness ostalgia as well as swelling and accumulation of various parts all over the body are difficult to heal and the existing external application agent takes effect slowly. The invention provides a composition for external use for dispelling wind, eliminating dampness, and clearing and activating channels and collaterals and an application method of the composition. The composition is prepared from the following crude drugs in parts by weight: 25 to 50 parts of herb of asarum heterotropoides, 25 to 40 parts of rhizoma seu radix notopterygii, 25 to 50 parts of radix saposhnikoviae, 25 to 48 parts of radix gentianae macrophyllae, 25 to 49 parts of rhizoma sparganii, 25 to 49 parts of rhizoma curcumae, 25 to 45 parts of hirudo, 25 to 35 parts of draconis sanguis, 25 to 30 parts of centipede, 25 to 32 parts of bungarus parvus, 25 to 37 parts of olibanum, 25 to 37 parts of myrrha, 25 to 31 parts of eupolyphaga steleophaga, 25 to 50 parts of Chinese angelica, 25 to 50 parts of rhizoma chuangxiong, 25 to 50 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 25 to 50 parts of cinnamomi ramulus, 25 to 33 parts of flos carthami, 25 to 50 parts of herb of phryma leptostachya, 25 to 34 parts of peach kernels, 25 to 50 parts of semen coicis, 25 to 36 parts of zaocys dhumnade, 25 to 36 parts of scorpio, 25 to 50 parts of radix angelicae pubescentis, 25 to 50 parts of radix et rhizome rhei and egg white. By utilizing a guiding drug effect of the egg white, active ingredients of various drugs can directly reach an affected part, so that the drugs can take effect faster, and the effect is significant.

The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation for treating hyperosteogeny and a method for preparing the preparation. The preparation is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of atractylodes lancea, 20-30 parts of lumbricus, 20-30 parts of davallia mariesii, 10-15 parts of common clubmoss herbs, 5-10 parts of akebiaquinata, 20-30 parts of cibotium barometz, 20-30 parts of radix dipsaci, 15-20 parts of lithospermum erythrorhizon, 10-15 parts of carthamus tinctorius, 20-30 parts of semen strychni, 3-5 parts of scorpions, 5-10 parts of acanthopanacis cortex, 5-10 parts of panax notoginseng, 15-20 parts of bungarus parvus, 15-20 parts of boswellia carterii and 15-20 parts of myrrh. The traditional Chinese medicinal materials used by the invention conforms to pharmacopoeia regulations of the People's Republic of China and is safe and reliable; the combination of all the materials has the functions of dispelling wind, removing dampness, warming channel and expelling cold, promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction, and regulating and nourishing liver and kidney; the preparation has the characteristics of being definite in curative effect, quick to take effect, high in cure rate without side effects and the like.

The invention discloses a plaster for treating rheumatism and ostealgia and a preparation method thereof. The plaster contains angelica sinensis, aconitum carmichaeli, rhizoma typhonii, safflower carthamus, cassia twig, unprocessed radix aconiti, sanguis draconis, radix clematidis, radix dipsaci, agilawood, Chinese honeylocust spine, ligusticum wallichii, aquilaria sinensis, cyathula officinalis,borneol, pepper, lycopodium annotinum, radix zanthoxyli, aconitum pendulum busch, radix corydalis linarioides, anisodus acutangulus, rhizoma anemones raddeanae, radix angelicae, nux vomica, sambucus williamsii, fructus evodiae, plumbum rubrum, rhizoma drynariae, fructus psoraleae, capparis spinosa, radix polygoni multiflori, frankincense, myrrh, snakeskin, millettia specisoa champ, philippine flemingia root, herba ephedra, caulis spatholobi, periploca forrestii schltr, os draconis, asarum, dried ginger slice, scorpion, centipede, manis pentadactyla, bungarus parvus, zaocys dhumnade, gekko japonicus, black ant, camphor, pseudo-ginseng, musk, notopterygium root and radix angelicae pubescentis. The plaster for treating rheumatism and ostealgia, disclosed by the invention, is slight in irritation, and cannot cause the kin to be red and swollen after being stuck for a long time; the preparation method is simple to operate; the prepared plaster is soft, the sticking effect is good, and the plaster cannot fall off easily.

The invention provides a TaqMan probe primer mixture, a kit and a qPCR detection method for quickly identifying bungarus multicinctus blyth and counterfeits thereof as well as application. Mitochondrion DNA (mtDNA) has the advantages of high sensitivity, good accuracy, high speed, low degradability, stability, easiness in operation and the like and thus serves as a target gene; a competitive positive internal amplification control is artificially synthesized, a specific probe is added into the system and shares a pair of primers with the target gene, thus false negative can be effectively indicated; double multicolor fluorescent quantitative PCR refers to detection in the same tube, has the beneficial effects of accuracy and stability, easiness in operation, remarkably high sensitivity, high specificity, large flux and the like, and is especially applicable to the identification of traditional Chinese medicines with low DNA content and high degradability caused by processing, so that a new way is explored for identifying the animal-derived ingredients in food and drugs.

The invention relates to a poisonous snakes drug and its production method. The method comprises: soaking Deinagkistrodon acutus, Naja, Bungarus multicinctus, Bungarus fasciatus, Agkistrodon halys, Trimeresurus stejnegeri, Zaocys dhumnades and the like in baijiu. A production of a drug of various poisonous snakes comprises: soaking the poisonous snakes above in Baijiu for 2-4 months, including, in proportion with respect to the baijiu, Deinagkistrodon acutus 700 g, Naja 500 g, Bungarus multicinctus 500 g, Bungarus fasciatus 400 g, Agkistrodon halys 100 g, Trimeresurus stejnegeri 100 g, Zaocys dhumnades 500 g, and baijiu 10000 g. The drug is simple to make and has good efficacy, with curative rate up to 99%. The drug is also capable of treating skin diseases and cancers and resisting viruses. The drug has no special requirements on storage environment and treatment environment and is simple to use and convenient to carry.

The invention discloses wind-cold dissipating medicated liquor and a preparing method thereof. The medicated liquor adopts polygonum cuspidatum, radix clematidis, achyranthes bidentata blume, poria, notopterygium incisum, stephania tetrandra, saposhnikovia divaricata, thunberg fritillary bulb, paniculate swallowwort root, dried ginger, erythrinae bark, caulis sinomenii, garden balsam stem, rhizoma cibotii, bungarus multicinctus, illicium verum and wolfberry as raw materials. The wind-cold dissipating medicated liquor has the functions of dispelling wind, eliminating dampness, relaxing tendons, activating collaterals and strengthening bones and muscles, and is convenient to take, strong in medical effects and high in wind dispelling effect.

The invention discloses ointment for treating the knee osteoarthritis. The ointment is mainly prepared from, by weight, 5-10 parts of radix angelica sinensis, 3-8 parts of ciliatenerve knotweed root, 5-15 parts of frankincense, 5-15 parts of myrrh, 1-3 parts of bombyx batryticatus, 4-8 parts of cutch, 1-3 parts of scorpions, 1-3 parts of centipedes, 6-12 parts of arisaema consanguineum schott, 3-8 parts of iquidambar formosana hance, 1-5 parts of pangolin, 6-12 parts of ioscorea nipponica makino, 1-3 parts of bungarus multicinctus, 7-10 parts of caulis pipers futokadsurae, 2-6 parts of sabia japonica, 2-6 parts of spatholobus suberctu, 3-7 parts of paederia scandens, 4-8 parts of caulis lonicerae, 12-16 parts of astragalus membranaceus and the like. The ointment pays attention to the whole, can treat diseases and strength bodies to prevent diseases, and has the major advantage different from the prevention advantage of the medicine; the ointment is completely prepared according to the Chinese medicine principle and is safer, more reliable and free of toxic and side effects.

The invention discloses application of an innate immune activation peptide, and belongs to the technical field of biomedicine. The bungarus fasciatus antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-BF can properlyactivate innate immune response of phagocytes of a body, but does not significantly or excessively stimulate the phagocytes to generate a lot of proinflammatory cytokines, so that the probability that a patient suffers from inflammatory immune injury is significantly reduced. In the aspect of the clinical application potentiality, the cathelicidin-BF does not have hemolytic activity or cytotoxicity, moreover, the molecular weight is small, the structure is simple, and chemical synthesis and protein expression are easy. The cathelicidin-BF has both a direct sterilization function and a function of enhancing antimicrobial innate immune response, and by means of the advantages, the cathelicidin-BF is expected to become an excellent candidate molecule for researching and developing a new generation of clinical peptide antibiotics/immunomodulators.

The invention discloses a drug for curing apoplexy and a preparation method thereof. The drug is mainly prepared by adopting drugs of salvia miltiorrhiza, liquorice, kudzuvine roots, carthamus tinctorius, caulis spatholobi, raw rhubarb, radix paeoniae rubra, bungarus parvus, gastrodia elata, fructus crataegi, and the like according to a certain weight ratio. The drug disclosed by the invention achieves the effects of calming the liver, suppressing yang, promoting blood circulation promotion to remove meridian obstruction, eliminating phlegm, calming wind, unbosoming depression and inducing resuscitation, is used for curing the apoplexy and has the advantages of quick effectiveness, short treatment course, no relapse and high cure rate.

The invention provides an alpha-bungarus multicinctus toxin detection probe and a method for detecting alpha-bungarus multicinctus toxin with a non-diagnostic purpose, and belongs to the technical field of biosensing. A hydrogen bond organic framework material composed of 1, 3, 6, 8-tetra (4-carboxybenzene) pyrene is used as an enzyme material for catalyzing color development of a color developing agent, the surface of the hydrogen bond organic framework material has abundant carboxyl groups, the hydrogen bond organic framework material can be chemically combined with an aptamer of alpha-bungarus multicinctus toxin modified with amino through a CO-NH bond, and the stability of the probe is improved. The invention provides a method for detecting alpha-bungarus multicinctus toxin with a non-diagnostic purpose, an alpha-bungarus multicinctus toxin detection probe is used for specifically recognizing alpha-bungarus multicinctus toxin and catalyzing a chromogenic substrate to develop color, along with the increase of the concentration of the alpha-bungarus multicinctus toxin, the absorbance detected by ultraviolet analysis is enhanced, and the concentration of the alpha-bungarus multicinctus toxin is determined to be higher than the concentration of the alpha-bungarus multicinctus toxin. And the alpha-bungarus multicinctus toxin has a good linear relationship in the concentration range of the alpha-bungarus multicinctus toxin of 0.0001 to 316 ng mL <-1 >.