55 results about "Cell leakage" patented technology

An NVM controller measures cell damage for wear leveling in an NVM, thus improving performance, reliability, lifetime, and / or cost of a storage sub-system, such as an SSD. In a first aspect, the controller determines that an error reading a page of NVM was caused by cell damage and / or cell leakage. The controller reprograms and immediately reads back the page, detecting that the error was caused by cell damage if an error is detected during the immediate read. In a second aspect, the cell damage is tracked by updating cell damage counters for pages and / or blocks of NVM. In a third aspect, wear leveling is performed based at least in part upon measured cell damage for pages and / or blocks of NVM.

A test structure and method for determining DRAM cell leakage. The cell leakage test structure includes a pair of buried strap test structures. Each buried strap test structure includes multiple trench capacitors formed in a silicon body. Each trench capacitor is connected to a trench sidewall diffusion by at least one buried strap. An n-well ring surrounds each buried strap test structure and divides the buried strap test structure into two separate array p-wells, one being a contact area and the other a leakage test area. The contact area includes contacts to the trench capacitor plates for the corresponding buried strap test structure. In one buried strap test structure, a layer of polysilicon, essentially covers the trench capacitors in the leakage test area to block source / drain region formation there. The other of the two buried strap test structures includes polysilicon lines simulating wordlines with source and drain regions form on either side. A buried n-band contacts the n-well rings, essentially forming an isolation tub around each array well. Cell leakage is measured by measuring leakage current in each buried strap test structure, individually, and then extracting individual leakage components from the measured result.

Systems and methods are disclosed for monitoring the time it takes to perform a write operation, and based on the time it takes, a determination is made whether to retire a block that is a recipient of the write operation. The time duration of the write operation for a page or a combination of pages may indicate whether any block or blocks containing the page or combination of pages is experiencing a physical failure. That is, if the time duration of the write operation for a particular page exceeds time threshold, this may indicate that this page requires a larger number of program cycles than other pages. The longer programming cycle can be an indication of cell leakage or a failing block.

The invention relates to a microorganism immobilization method. The method comprising the following steps of: taking a sodium alginate solution containing dense suspending microorganisms and nano calcium carbonate as disperse phases, taking atoleine or vegetable oil as a disperse medium, and taking Span85 as a surfactant; forming droplets through agitation and emulsification; then preparing calcium alginate bead gel embedding the microorganisms through a gel initiator of glacial acetic acid; forming a polycation-polysnion complexing membrane through the reaction and cross linking of the bead gel and a chitosan solution; and finally forming a sodium alginate-chitosan microcapsule embedding the microorganisms. The method has mild conditions in the preparation process, simple requirements on apparatuses and equipment, easy mass production, good maintenance of the activity of the microorganism cells in the preparation process, and lower cell leakage rate. Thus, the technology is suitable for the immobilization embedding of a plurality of microorganisms such as yeast, bacillus coli, lactic acid bacteria, nitrobacteria, etc., thereby realizing high-density and large-scale microorganism culture.

A circuit operable to measure leakage current in a Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is provided comprising a plurality of DRAM bit cell access transistors coupled to a common bit line, a common word line, and a common storage node, wherein said access transistors may be biased to simulate a corresponding plurality of inactive bit cells of a DRAM; and a current mirror in communication with the common storage node operable to mirror a total leakage current from said plurality of bit cell access transistors when the access transistors are biased to simulate the inactive bit cells.

A circuit and a method for self refresh of DRAM cells are provided. The circuit comprises a bias generator and an oscillator. The bias generator comprises a first current generator, a second current generator and a converter. The first current generator generates a first leakage current of “0” state cells. The second current generator generates a second leakage current of “1” state cells. The converter transforms a current comprising the first leakage current and the second leakage current into output biases. The method comprises generating leakage currents from memory cells; transforming the leakage currents into output biases for determining a self refresh period; and using the output biases to control an oscillator for generating a periodical signal pulse in response to the leakage currents.

A cell leakage monitor includes a circuit for comparing the node voltage of a pseudo-cell equivalent to a memory cell of a DRAM to a reference value to output a refresh signal OSC when the node voltage of the pseudo cell has decreased to a reference value. As the leakage current, the GIDL (gate insulated drain leakage current) of a p-channel MOSFET is used. The cell leakage monitor also includes a circuit for selectively setting the gate voltage of the MOSFET of the leakage source and a circuit for selecting the capacitance value of the capacitor connected to the node voltage.

A new class of visible wavelength fluorescent calcium indicators with the BAPTA-like portion rendered zwitterionic by introduction of amine and carboxylic groups. “Fluo” compounds generally function with no extra ionized groups. The modified BAPTA moiety confers new properties while retaining ion selectivity and pH insensitivity. The dyes demonstrate reduced cell leakage and improved ability to study calcium near the cell membrane and preserve the fluorescent properties of “fluo” dyes. The modifications include (a) piperazinoacetic acid XIII for the leakage resistance (FLUO-LR), (b) dodecylpiperazine XIII for a near membrane indicator (FLUO-MOMO, FLUO-NOMO amphipathic “fluo” indicators which bind to cellular membranes and respond to calcium near the membrane), and (c) a propionic acid XII for general leakage resistance -FLUO-LOJO, FLUO-KOJO “fluo” indicators with an extra charge that enables them to resist leakage).

A method and system of modeling power leakage for a design comprises providing one or more cell libraries comprising parameters for particular device characteristics and providing a module configured to determine of cell leakages of a device for a PVT corner. In determining the cell leakage, the module uses the device characteristics contained in the one or more cell libraries, in combination with one or more components at a PVT for a predetermined application and an amount of devices in a leakage path (Fckt) and a leakage distribution (Fchip). There is no need to recharacterize the one or more cell libraries.

The present invention relates to immobilized yeast cell sodium alginate-chitosan microcapsule preparing process. On the basis of original immobilized alginate cell, one great power microcapsule preparing instrument is adopted to make the sodium alginate solution with homogeneously mixed yeast cell under high voltage electrostatic field form homogeneously distributed liquid drops of controllable particle size in 100-500 micron and form micro bead with fixing calcium solution. The surface of the micro bead has one layer of microcapsule chitosan film formed via ion complexing reaction, and calcium in calcium alginate gel is replaced with sodium citrate solution to form liquefied liquid environment inside the microcapsule. The present invention is prepared under mild completely physiological condition of pH 5.0-7.4, 4-30 deg.c and no shearing and vibration. The preparation process has yeast cell activity 100 % maintained and the culture process has cell leakage less than 10 %.

A circuit operable to measure leakage current in a Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is provided comprising a plurality of DRAM bit cell access transistors coupled to a common bit line, a common word line, and a common storage node, wherein said access transistors may be biased to simulate a corresponding plurality of inactive bit cells of a DRAM; and a current mirror in communication with the common storage node operable to mirror a total leakage current from said plurality of bit cell access transistors when the access transistors are biased to simulate the inactive bit cells.

The invention provides a multi-cell downlink MIMO (multiple input multiple output) robust beam-forming method based on QoS (quality of service). According to the method, optimizing a sum of minimum total transmitting power and inter-cell leakage total power under the given QoS constraint condition is aimed, and the influence of non-ideal CSI (channel state information) upon a system is considered. In order to fully ensure the users' QoS demand, the beam-forming problem under poorest estimated CSI is considered; an original beam-forming problem is approximated; through allelism of uplink and downlink, the downlink transmitting beam-forming problem is converted into an uplink receiving beam-forming problem; by solving the simple uplink beam-forming problem, an optimal solution of uplink receiving beam-forming is obtained and is converted into an optimal solution of downlink receiving beam-forming; thus, a solution of multi-cell downlink MIMO beam-forming is obtained.

A method and system of modeling power leakage for a design comprises providing one or more cell libraries comprising parameters for particular device characteristics and providing a module configured to determine of cell leakages of a device for a PVT corner. In determining the cell leakage, the module uses the device characteristics contained in the one or more cell libraries, in combination with one or more components at a PVT for a predetermined application and an amount of devices in a leakage path (Fckt) and a leakage distribution (Fchip). There is no need to recharacterize the one or more cell libraries.

A cell leakage monitor includes a circuit for comparing the node voltage of a pseudo-cell equivalent to a memory cell of a DRAM to a reference value to output a refresh signal OSC when the node voltage of the pseudo cell has decreased to a reference value. As the leakage current, the GIDL (gate insulated drain leakage current) of a p-channel MOSFET is used. The cell leakage monitor also includes a circuit for selectively setting the gate voltage of the MOSFET of the leakage source and a circuit for selecting the capacitance value of the capacitor connected to the node voltage.

A porous scaffold having pores for seeding cells characterized in that, in the outer peripheral face of the porous main body having the pores for seeding cells, a porous membrane having pores smaller than the cells is located. Thus, it is possible to provide a porous scaffold whereby the cells can be seeded at a high efficiency while preventing cell leakage and, moreover, even cells having little adhesiveness can be adhered.

The invention provides an adjacent cell leakage configuration positioning method based on grid positioning. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining all measure reports (MR) in a preset network range during measurement, wherein the MR is recorded with information of a serving cell where a current mobile station locates and downlink signal intensity information; performing longitude and latitude positioning on the obtained measure reports (MR) and performing grid division on the network range, each grid has corresponding MR numbers; summarizing a first proportion cell, a second proportion cell and a third proportion cell in each grid according to the information of the serving cell where the current mobile station locates recorded by each MR; and determining cell pair C1 and C2 that may have leakage-configuration adjacent cells according to the MR number proportion and downlink signal intensity difference of a cell pair that does not have adjacent cell relationship in the first proportion cell, the second proportion cell and the third proportion cell in each grid. According to the adjacent cell leakage configuration positioning method, the adjacent cell optimization efficiency is improved and the network quality is also improved.

The present invention relates to immobilized yeast cell sodium alginate-polylysine microcapsule preparing process. On the basis of original immobilized alginate cell, one great power microcapsule preparing instrument is adopted to make the sodium alginate solution with homogeneously mixed yeast cell under high voltage electrostatic field form homogeneously distributed liquid drops of controllable particle size in 100-500 micron and form micro bead with fixing calcium solution. The surface of the micro bead has one layer of microcapsule polylysine film formed via ion complexing reaction, and calcium in calcium alginate gel is replaced with sodium citrate solution to form liquefied liquid environment inside the microcapsule. The present invention is prepared under mild completely physiological condition of pH 5.0-7.4, 4-30 deg.c and no shearing and vibration. The preparation process has yeast cell activity 100 % maintained and the culture process has cell leakage less than 10 %.

The invention discloses a multi-target vertebral canal spinal needle and a use method thereof. The multi-target vertebral canal spinal needle consists of an outer tube needle and an inner tube needle which are in movable fit with each other, wherein the needle head of the outer tube needle is a spoon-shaped needle head; the back end of the outer tube needle is provided with a handle support and a faucet which is matched with the inner tube needle; the surface of the outer tube needle is provided with graduations; the needle head of the inner tube needle is an inclined-surface-shaped needle head; the side face of the inclined-surface-shaped needle head is provided with an outlet hole; the back end of the inner tube needle is a hand holding handle; the front end of the hand holding handle is provided with a nipple which is matched with the faucet of the outer tube needle; the back end of the hand holding handle is provided with a faucet which is matched with the head part of a microsyringe; and the inner tube needle is longer than the outer tube needle. During use of the multi-target vertebral canal spinal needle, cell leakage can be avoided, and cell resources are saved; multi-target injection can be performed by inserting the outer tube needle at one time, so that repeated insertion into different positions is avoided; the microsyringe is used for injecting, so that the dosage is accurate; and moreover, the multi-target vertebral canal spinal needle has biopsy and brain pressure measuring functions.

A selected wordline that is coupled to a cell to be programmed is biased during a program operation. The unselected wordlines are biased with a negative potential to reduce the cell leakage at programming bitline potential. A programming pulse is applied to the bitline coupled to the cell to be programmed. During verification, the unselected wordlines are biased back to ground potential.

A selected wordline that is coupled to a cell to be programmed is biased during a program operation. The unselected wordlines are biased with a negative potential to reduce the cell leakage at programming bitline potential. A programming pulse is applied to the bitline coupled to the cell to be programmed. During verification, the unselected wordlines are biased back to ground potential.

The invention discloses a lithium cell safety valve which comprises a sealing ring, a top cover, a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) ring, an anti-explosion membrane and a pore plate, wherein the top cover, the PTC ring, the anti-explosion membrane and the pore plate are sequentially arranged in the sealing ring from top to bottom; a horizontal clip fastening end of the anti-explosion membrane is clipped and fastened above the periphery of the top cover; and the periphery of the top cover is aligned to the outer edge of the PTC ring. The lithium cell safety valve also comprises insulating layers which are arranged at the inner sides of a vertical clip fastening end and the horizontal clip fastening end of the anti-explosion membrane, at the outer side of the edge on the periphery of the top cover and at the outer side of the edge of the PTC ring and clipped and fastened above the periphery of the top cover. In the lithium cell safety valve, the insulating layers are arranged at the outer side of the edge on the periphery of the top cover, at the outer side of the edge of the PTC ring and between the vertical clip fastening end and the horizontal clip fastening end of the anti-explosion membrane, which can prevent the anti-explosion membrane from causing a short circuit on the PTC ring to invalidate the PTC ring and guarantee that the protection function of the PTC ring is not influenced, thus the lithium cell safety valve can be used for solving the problem of cell leakage quality and has the advantages of high rigidity and convenient assembly.

The present invention relates to immobilized yeast cell sodium alginate-polylysine / chitosan microcapsule preparing process. On the basis of original immobilized alginate cell, one great power microcapsule preparing instrument is adopted to make the sodium alginate solution with homogeneously mixed yeast cell under high voltage electrostatic field form homogeneously distributed liquid drops of controllable particle size in 100-500 micron and form micro bead with fixing calcium solution. The surface of the micro bead has one layer of microcapsule polylysine / chitosan film formed via ion complexing reaction, and calcium in calcium alginate gel is replaced with sodium citrate solution to form liquefied liquid environment inside the microcapsule. The present invention is prepared under mild completely physiological condition of pH 5.0-7.4, 4-30 deg.c and no shearing and vibration. The preparation process has yeast cell activity 100 % maintained and the culture process has cell leakage less than 10 %.

In the past the high voltage needs and cell leakage currents have limited the scalability of the Nitride cell and made the poly silicon floating gate cell the primary contender for Non-Volatile memories. As the process development has matured and technology has scaled to smaller and smaller dimensions, the Poly-silicon floating gate cell has approached its scaling limitations. This has re-kindled the interest in the nitride cell. In order to scale the nitride cell it is necessary to remove the high voltage requirements that limit scaling of the memory junctions and isolation and the high inherent leakage of unselected cells due to over erase of the cells. It is well known that the nitride area where the storage happens is only of the order of 300 Angstroms close to the junctions used for generating the energetic carriers by impact ionization (Channel Hot Electron Programming). The charges once stored do not move around by conduction in Nitride and hence can be considered stationary. Hence it is possible to have Nitride layer covering the areas, where programming happens, to reduce the over all size of the cell while having a control gate between the Nitride storage areas. This type of Nitride storage cell can be implemented with a slight increase in cell size but making the leakage current of non-selected cells a non-issue. A second problem in the prior art is the use of band to band tunneling for erase. This requires high voltages at the drain with negative voltage on gate. The band to band tunneling is a reliability issue for the junction and need a high degree of tuning. A cell using an erase technology and method called the Tunnel Gun (TG) for achieving the erase of the cells is proposed that eliminate this problem. A combination of TG technology with an added select gate will enable the nitride cells to be much more robust and achieve mainstream status in high volume manufacturing.

The embodiment of the invention provides an indoor distribution cell leakage positioning method and device. The method comprises the following steps of: according to the TA interval corresponding to the sampling point reported by each user in the indoor distribution cells in the sampling period; screening out a plurality of strong coverage neighbor cells according to the overlapping coverage sampling point proportion of each neighbor cell after the indoor distribution cell is known to be a leakage cell, and determining the leakage direction of the leakage cell according to the area commonly covered by each strong coverage neighbor cell and the station position of the leakage cell; And determining the leakage area of the leakage cell according to the distance and the leakage direction corresponding to the maximum leakage range of the leakage cell. The device is used for executing the method. According to the method and the device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the leakagearea of the leakage cell can be accurately positioned, and a clear direction is provided for leakage improvement, so that the influence of leakage on user perception is reduced.

The invention discloses an aluminum electrolysis cell leakage detecting method based on a cell leakage monitoring device, and belongs to the field of aluminum electrolysis cell monitoring. The method dynamically compensates acquired temperature according to acquired aluminum electrolysis cell temperature values and aluminum electrolysis cell temperature variation trends, so that a system can accurately prejudge a temperature regulating quantity to effectively monitor the temperature in the aluminum electrolysis process, the leakage condition in each point of a cell body of the electrolysis cell can be more accurately and effectively monitored in real time, and the aluminum electrolysis quality is guaranteed; and meanwhile, as the influence of interference data is greatly eliminated, the adaptability of the temperature monitoring method in different aluminum electrolysis environments is guaranteed. The cell leakage condition can be effectively prevented through judging whether the time of the compensated temperature value not smaller than a set temperature value reaches a threshold value or not.

Methods and apparatus are provided for decreasing soft errors and cell leakage in integrated circuit structures. The structures of the invention preferably include memory cells that utilize thin-film transistors (“TFTs”) for the pull-up and pull-down transistors, and well as for the pass-gates. These TFTs preferably include features such as ion implants and a dielectric with a high dielectric constant “K.” In addition to reducing soft errors and cell leakage, the invention preferably provides other benefits such as low cell area and scalability.

Systems and methods are disclosed for monitoring the time it takes to perform a write operation, and based on the time it takes, a determination is made whether to retire a block that is a recipient of the write operation. The time duration of the write operation for a page or a combination of pages may indicate whether any block or blocks containing the page or combination of pages is experiencing a physical failure. That is, if the time duration of the write operation for a particular page exceeds time threshold, this may indicate that this page requires a larger number of program cycles than other pages. The longer programming cycle can be an indication of cell leakage or a failing block.

The invention discloses an aluminum electrolytic end cell emergency short-circuit device. According to the invention, anode guide rods (1) are connected to one ends of long aluminum busbar soft bands (2). The other ends of the long aluminum busbar soft bands (2) are connected with a cuboid busbar (3). The cuboid busbar (3) is connected with a short-circuit block (4) through a short aluminum busbar soft band (5). The short-circuit block (4) is connected with a fake column busbar block (7). There are respectively 4 sets of the anode guide rods (1) and 4 sets of the long aluminum busbar soft bands (2). The 4 sets of anode guide rods (1) are respectively connected with one ends of the long aluminum busbar soft bands (2). The anode guide rods (1) are welded with a plurality of long aluminum busbar soft bands (2) on a vertical direction. The short-circuit block (4) and the fake column busbar block (7) are connected through a press-fit bolt. With the device provided by the invention, accidents of cell-peripheral and cell-bottom busbar thrust caused by end cell leakage at various electrolysis areas can be well solved. The cell is short-circuited fast, such that the system powering can be recovered, and other electrolytic cell normal production operation can be recovered.

The invention relates to a casing method of a seal ring of an alkaline button cell, and the method can solve the problem of cell leakage. In the method, the seal ring is caused to sequentially pass through a tunnel with 10-15% of sealing glue along the upward direction of the mouth part of the seal ring, then 5-15 cathode covers are attracted by a magnetic strip with the width of 2-6mm, and the cathode covers are pressed into the seal ring which passes through the glue tunnel to form a combination body, and the combination unit is put into an environment with the temperature of 50-60 DEG C and baked for 30-180 minutes, and then packaged for use after being cooled. Compared with the conventional seal ring casing method, the method has operability, the key point of the method is that the glue is in a fluid state while casing the seal ring, the cathode covers and the seal rings are bonded when the glue is in the fluid state, then dried at high temperature or blown dry by strong wind, thus achieving perfect sealing effect.