The invention discloses a characteristic ice resistance test device and test method for simulating polar ship ice collision, which relate to the technical field of collision tests. The device comprises a simulated polar region low-temperature pool, a polar region floating ice preparation system, an auxiliary connecting mechanism and a collision test simulation control system. The method comprisesthe following steps of S01, filling ice-making seawater, S02, making ice, S03, forming floating ice surface patterns, S04, constructing a collision simulation environment, S05, performing a collisionsimulation test, and S06, visually displaying the collision model. The real situation of the arctic floating ice, the navigation environment of the polar icebreaker and the ship ice collision effect and phenomenon are simulated to the maximum extent, the ship ice collision test is ensured to be close to authenticity and effectiveness to the maximum extent, and the method has the advantages of being high in accuracy, authenticity and practicability and capable of achieving repeated tests.