31 results about "Coulomb repulsion" patented technology

A method and apparatus is disclosed for an electron beam directed energy device. The device consists of an electron gun with one or more electron beams. The device includes one or more accelerating plates with holes aligned for beam passage. The plates may be flat or preferably shaped to direct each electron beam to exit the electron gun at a predetermined orientation. In one preferred application, the device is located in outer space with individual beams that are directed to focus at a distant target to be used to impact and destroy missiles. The aimings of the separate beams are designed to overcome Coulomb repulsion. A method is also presented for directing the beams to a target considering the variable terrestrial magnetic field. In another preferred application, the electron beam is directed into the ground to produce a subsurface x-ray source to locate and / or destroy buried or otherwise hidden objects including explosive devices.

An electron emitting apparatus includes a lower electrode, an emitter section made of a dielectric material, a plurality of upper electrodes having micro through holes, and a collector electrode opposing the upper electrodes. In this electron-emitting apparatus, electrons are accumulated in the emitter section by controlling the potential difference (drive voltage) between the lower and upper electrodes with respect to the potential of the lower electrode to a negative predetermined voltage. At this time, the collector electrode of the electron-emitting apparatus is grounded. Thus, unnecessary electron-emitting is suppressed. Subsequently, the drive voltage is changed to a positive predetermined voltage. As a result, polarization reversal occurs in the emitter section, and accumulated electros are emitted through the micro through holes in the upper electrodes by Coulomb repulsion. At this time, a positive voltage Vc is applied to the collector electrode to give large energy to accelerate the electrons.

The invention discloses a direct-connected three-zone linear ion well and an ion alternating frequency-discrimination locking method thereof. In the realization process of a microwave clock, the ion state preparation and signal detection are completed in a quadrupole well, and the exploration of ions and microwaves are completed in a hexadecapole well; the ions trapped by the ion alternating frequency-discrimination locking method are divided into A and B ion clouds, which are respectively trapped and shuttled between I and II regions of the quadrupole well and the hexadecapole well to finallyrealize ion alternating frequency-discrimination locking. The method provided by the invention can further reduce the second-order Doppler shift caused by the collision and Coulomb repulsion betweenthe ions when the ions and the microwave interact while improving the ionic state preparation efficiency and enhancing the signal detection intensity to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the microwave clock, and can separately perform good closed electromagnetic shielding and ionic state preparation on the microwave exploration region and perform good optical path design on the signal detectionregion.

The invention relates to a method for expanding the volume of a photocatalysis wastewater degradation reactor integrating a coulomb repulsion function, belonging to the technical field of wastewater treatment. An existing related technology has the problems that the microwave energy is wasted, the single-tank wastewater treating capacity is small, the oxygen supply concentration of a key area is insufficient, a catalyst flows away, the end time of degradation is difficult to distinguish, a catalyst agglomerate cannot be subjected to in situ strong dissipation, the agglomeration of the catalyst cannot be detected in time, the particulate charged characteristics of the catalyst are not put into good use, and the like. The method is provided for solving the series of problems, and mainly comprises the following steps of: obstructing a microwave radiation airspace; expanding the size of the reactor; guiding bubble flows to intensively release the bubble flows to an important area; enhancing catalyst interception by using a negatively charged hollow fiber membrane; carrying out in situ strong dissipation on the catalyst agglomerate by using ultrasonic waves emitted from the bottom of the reactor, and cleaning a quartz tube at the same time; sensing the reaction process by using an ozone sensor, and turning off a power supply immediately at the degradation end point; and automatically detecting main incentive parameters of the agglomeration of the catalyst.

The invention effectively reduces the ionization energy of aluminum in silicon carbide crystals by doping aluminum atoms and IVB group atoms in 4H-SiC, and realizes the preparation of low-resistance p-type 4H-SiC. The present invention introduces an empty impurity orbital e energy level after doping with IVB group atoms, and forms effective Coulomb repulsion with the e orbital occupied by 3 / 4 of Al, thereby reducing the ionization energy of Al impurities. The doping concentration of group IVB atoms is guaranteed to be 10 17 cm ‑3 Above, the doping concentration of aluminum atoms is 10 20 cm ‑3 about. The invention solves the problem of high ionization energy of aluminum atoms in 4H-SiC, increases the effective concentration of carriers in silicon carbide, reduces the resistivity of 4H-SiC silicon carbide crystals, and is beneficial to the manufacture of various electronic devices in the field of power electronics Significance.

The invention relates to a large-capacity wastewater degradation reactor capable of infusing charge characteristics of photocatalyst particles and belongs to the field of a wastewater treatment technology. The existing related background technique has the problems that a nano photocatalyst runs off, microwave energy is wasted, the single-pot wastewater treatment amount of a reactor is relatively small, a finishing moment of a degradation reaction is difficult to distinguish, a contact agent reunited object can not be forcedly dissipated in situ, the contact agent reunion can not be observed in time, the charge characteristics of contact agent particles can not be greatly utilized and the like, and the scheme aims to solve the problems. In the scheme, a metal cage can be used for restricting microwaves so as to greatly enlarge the reactor; the structure in the scheme strengthens inner liquid to be greatly circulated; the structure strengthens the interception of a contact agent by using a charge negative electricity hollow fiber membrane by Coulomb repulsion; the structure can forcedly dissipate the contact agent reunited object in situ and incidentally cleans a quartz tube in an ultrasound manner; the structure can automatically switch off a related power supply in time at a finishing point of degradation; and the structure can automatically detect main incentive parameters of the reunion of the contact agent.

The invention relates to a method for expanding the volume of a photocatalysis wastewater degradation reactor taking a coulomb repulsion function into account, belonging to the technical field of wastewater treatment. An existing related technology has the problems that the microwave energy is wasted, the single-tank wastewater treating capacity is small, the oxygen supply concentration of a key area is insufficient, a catalyst flows away, the end time of a degradation reaction is difficult to distinguish, a catalyst agglomerate cannot be subjected to in situ strong dissipation, the agglomeration of the catalyst cannot be detected in time, the particulate charged characteristics of the catalyst are not put into good use, and the like. The method is provided for solving the series of problems, and mainly comprises the following steps of: restricting a microwave radiation airspace by using a metal cage to facilitate large-scale volume expansion of the reactor; releasing bubble flows to an important degradation reaction area in a concentrated mode; enhancing catalyst interception by using a negatively charged hollow fiber membrane; carrying out in situ strong dissipation on the catalyst agglomerate by using ultrasonic waves emitted from the bottom of the reactor, and cleaning a quartz tube at the same time; sensing the degradation end point by using an ozone sensor, and automatically turning off a power supply at the degradation end point; and automatically detecting the tendency of the agglomeration of the catalyst.

The invention provides a solid-state electrolyte material of a lithium ion battery. The general formula of the solid-state electrolyte material is (LimZn)MP2X12, and the solid-state electrolyte belongs to a triclinic crystal system and a P1 space group, wherein Z is a high-valence metal element, the cationic valence is more than +1 valence and less than or equal to +3 valence, and the high-valence metal element Z is at least one of Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Cu, Zn, Ga, In, Sr, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Ba, Os, Ir, Pt or Hg; M is at least one of Ge, Si, Sn, Al or P; and X is at least one of O, S or Se. The research on the micro structure characteristics of the solid-state electrolyte material (LimZn)MP2X12 indicates that the micro interaction mechanisms such as Coulomb force, Van der Waals force and the like have important effect on the structure stability of the solid electrolyte material; and by enhancing the Coulomb attraction effect among ions and enhancing the shielding of the Coulomb repulsion effect among the ions, the total energy of the material system is greatly reduced, thereby enhancing the structure stability of the solid electrolyte material.