The invention provides a method for drilling an anchor rod hole and anchoring an anchor rod in a broken roof. The method includes the following steps that (1) the depth of a drill hole and the length of the anchor rod are determined according to supporting parameters of the anchor rod of broken surrounding rocks, and then two hollow tubular drill rods are connected according to the depth of the drill hole, or a connecting rod is arranged between the threaded ends of the two drill rods in a connected mode to form a combination drill rod; (2) the end, provided with a square inner buckle, of one drill rod is connected with a drill bit in a sleeved mode, and the end, provided with a square inner buckle, of the other drill rod is connected to a drill rig for drilling; (3) the drill rig is dismantled, the drill rods are exposed, and then a cement cartridge is sent to the bottom of a drill rod center hole through the anchor rod; (4) the anchor is pushed into the cement cartridge through the drill rig, the drill rod connected with the drill bit in the sleeved mode is withdrawn, and after 20-30 minutes, an arch supporting plate and a spherical nut are mounted at the end, extending out of the surrounding rocks, of the anchor rod. According to the method, the drill rods and the connecting rod are of a hollow tubular structure, and protective holes of the drill rods and the connecting rod avoid a hole collapse before anchoring the anchor rod; the cement cartridge is used as an anchoring agent, so that the anchoring is prevented from loosing efficacy.