The invention discloses an insecticidal composition containing lythidathion and an antibiotic compound. The insecticidal composition comprises an active component A and an active component B. The active component A is lythidathion. The active component B is a compound selected from ivermectin, avermectin, spinosad, and emamectin benzoate. The weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 1:80-80:1. The composition provided by the invention can be used for controlling various pests, and provides a substantial synergistic effect. With the composition, an insecticidal spectrum is widened. The insecticidal composition has activities against cotton bollworm, rice planthopper, rice leaf roller, diamond-back moth, spodoptera exigua, prodenia litura, leaf moth, aculops lycii, and thrips on vegetables, rice, cotton, and fruit trees. With the insecticidal composition, dosage of pesticides can be reduced, residual of pesticides on crops can be reduced, and environmental pollution can be reduced. The insecticidal composition is safe to human and animals, and has good environmental compatibility. With the insecticidal composition, drug resistance is not easy to occur among pests.