The invention relates to a difference frequency hopping communication method based on the correlation capture of an m sequence, belonging to the field of digital communication and comprising the following steps: setting m sequence data, deserializing, carrying out G functional mapping, generating a baseband frequency wave form, and carrying out intermediate frequency filtering and emission processing in the launch flow; receiving and processing signals, generating the baseband frequency wave form, carrying discrete acquisition, carrying out time / frequency signal transformation, decoding, carrying out correlation processing, judging capture, separating data, carrying out serial conversion processing, and outputting in the receiving flow. The invention has the characteristics of effective capture probability enhancement, false alarm rate reduction, capture time shortening, effective intercept resistance and anti-interference performance enhancement of a system and the like because the invention firstly transmits the m sequence data inserted with random numbers in a uniformly spaced mode and carrying out the G functional mapping processing of the m sequence data and serial Bit data on a transmitting terminal, and eliminates the random numbers through Viterbi decoding and carries out the correlation capture processing on the m sequence after time / frequency signal conversion on a receiving terminal.