The invention relates a mining method of coals stored under waters, buildings or railways, which is characterized in that network mining, permanent support and integrated construction are carried out to coal strips and blocks stored under the waters, the buildings orthe railways; the network mining includes that a room, five to six meters wide from the bottom to the top is mined in a coal mine under the waters, the buildings or the railways, 10 to 20m posts are left and the room and the posts form network shape; the permanent support includes that the mined room is treated with the permanent support in time, and the permanent support has large intensity to guarantee that the deformation of the top plate and the two sides is comparatively small and ground above the waters, or of the buildings or the railways does not sink; the integrated construction includes that the technologies of hole drilling, explosion, coal loading and transport are adopted and equipment with integrated support is used for carrying out construction to the mined room. The mining method of the invention has the advantages that resource recovery rate is improved, investment is low and return rate is high; and not only an underground treatment space is provided for the recrements of a mine well, but also filling materials are provided for the mining under the waters, the buildings or the railways, thereby realizing the advantages of safe production, etc.