74 results about "Radiation scattering" patented technology

UV reflectors incorporated in UV LED-based light sources reduce the amount of UV radiation emission into the surroundings and increase the efficiency of such light sources. UV reflectors are made of nanometer-sized particles having a mean particle diameter less than about one-tenth of the wavelength of the UV light emitted by the UV LED, dispersed in a molding or casting material surrounding the LED. Other UV reflectors are series of layers of materials having alternating high and low refractive indices; each layer has a physical thickness of one quarter of the wavelength divided by the refractive index of the material. Nanometer-sized textures formed on a surface of the multilayered reflector further reduce the emission of UV radiation into the surroundings. UV LED-based light sources include such a multilayered reflector disposed on an encapsulating structure of a transparent material around a UV LED, particles of a UV-excitable phosphor dispersed in the transparent material. Alternatively, the transparent material also includes nanometer-sized particles of a UV-radiation scattering material.

Blood cells of interest are readily distinguishable from other blood cells and look-a-like particles found in a blood sample by their back-scatter signature. A preferred method for differentiating platelets in a blood sample is to irradiate the cells and particles, one at a time, with a beam of radiation, and to detect back-scattered (reflected) radiation using a plurality of optical fibers to transmit the back-scattered radiation to a high-gain photodetector, e.g. a photomultiplier tube. Preferably, the back-scatter signal so obtained is combined with a second signal representing, for example, either the level of forward-scatter within a prescribed, relatively narrow angular range, or the level of side-scattered radiation, or the level of attenuation of the cell-irradiating beam caused by the presence of the irradiated cell or particle in the beam, or the electrical impedance of the irradiated cell or particle, to differentiate the cells of interest. The method and apparatus of the invention are particularly useful in differentiating platelets and basophils in a blood sample.

The present invention provides a thermally stable reference member comprising, at least one radiation attenuating element and at least one radiation scattering element. The radiation attenuating element comprising at least one aperture for transmission of radiation therethrough. The attenuating and scattering elements placed in series so that radiation transmitted through the reference member passes through each of the attenuating and scattering elements. The attenuating and scattering elements of the reference member may further comprise a thermally stable mount to hold the elements in a selected position relative to each other, and in relation to an instrument, or the elements may be bonded together. The radiation attenuating element may be comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of I<SMALLCAPS>NVAR</SMALLCAPS>, tungsten, brass, and a material substantially non-transparent for incident radiation, and the radiation scattering element may be comprised of a radiation scattering material selected from the group consisting of opalescent glass, S<SMALLCAPS>PECTRALON</SMALLCAPS>, PTFE, Z<SMALLCAPS>ERODUR</SMALLCAPS>, fused silica, quartz, sapphire, diamond, and a transparent material with essentially low thermal expansion.

A multilayer optical device which comprises one or more radiation scattering layers, radiation absorption layers, tint layers, interfacial layers, adhesive layers, protective layers, matte, non-reflective, anti-glare, antistatic or embossed surface layers, focusing layers and supporting layers is described. Interfacial layers, adhesive layers, protective layers, tint layers, matte, non-reflective, anti-glare, antistatic or embossed surface layers, focusing layers and supporting layers may be optional in some embodiments of the invention. The device is used to display an image which is projected either in the transmission or reflection mode.

A method for the identification of unknown particles contained in a fluid. The method utilizes a source of radiation and at least one radiation detector to measure the radiation scattered by an unknown particle in the fluid. The measurement for the unknown particle is compared with a standard radiation scattering pattern capable of uniquely identifying a previously identified particle and the unknown particle is identified based upon the comparison.

A method for scanning an object to reduce image degradation includes scanning the object in a helical mode using a multi-slice CT imaging system having a plurality of detector arrays arranged along a z-axis direction and a radiation source having a beam focal spot. The method further includes wobbling the focal spot of the radiation source in the z-axis direction during the scanning to selectively preferentially illuminate individual detector arrays through the scanned object for each view. Data is collected from each detector array for each view only when the detector array from which data is being collected is selectively illuminated.

A substantially aqueous composition comprising one or more particle encapsulated sunscreen active agents, at least one volatile additive, and at least one UV-radiation scattering agent, whereby the composition provides an SPF greater than 30.

A system for visualizing needle entry into a body is presented. The system includes a needle for entering a body. The needle is coated with a radiation scattering coating on at least a portion of the needle. The system additionally includes a radiation visualization device which detects reflected radiation directed at a target body and enables medical personnel to view anatomical structures such as a blood vessel along with the inserted needle within a body.

A method and system for determining the position of a radiation scattering/reflecting element, where the radiation emitter is provided at a surface of a radiation transmissive element an on which radiation is incident. This incident radiation is scattered/diffused/reflected by the scattering/reflecting element and guided by the transmissive element toward a detector able to determine the position of the element.

The invention provides an exciteable digital coding metasurface unit of a cuboid structure, the upper surface and the lower surface of the exciteable digital coding metasurface unit are square, and the exciteable digital coding metasurface unit comprises a dielectric plate, a dielectric plate upper surface metal patch, a dielectric plate lower surface metal patch, a metal probe penetrating throughthe upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric plate and an SMA interface in the lower surface of the dielectric plate. 1bit coding is carried out on the metasurface unit and a 90-degree rotating unit of the metasurface unit, and a 1bit excitable digital coding metasurface array is formed through a chessboard array. The single-station RCS of 10 dB is reduced to cover 4.88 GHz to 7.36 GHz, the maximum reduction amount exceeds 30 dB, and the radiation bandwidth covers 7.59 GHz to 7.64 GHz. Linear polarization, left-handed circular polarization and single-beam and four-beam radiationcan be realized through different excitation conditions. According to the method, the 1bit digital coding metasurface can be excited, the working characteristics of the digital coding metasurface areexpanded, and the application range of the metasurface is greatly expanded.

The invention provides an aqueous bleaching solution for substrate treatment. The aqueous bleaching solution features a source of oxidant and a plurality of optically functional nanoparticles. The optically functional nanoparticles are nanoparticles in the range of about 0.1 nanometers to about 400 nanometers in size. The aqueous bleaching solution may optionally include one or more an oxidant-stable surfactants and optionally, one or more oxidant-stable polymers, and adjuncts. The optically functional nanoparticles are extremely stable in the aqueous bleaching solution and remain substantially suspended in the aqueous bleaching solution due to their extremely small size despite having an average density greater than that of the bleaching solution. The optically functional nanoparticles provide at least one optical functional benefit to the bleaching solution owing to their uniform and stable suspension throughout the solution, including such benefits as uniform light absorption, light and radiation scattering, fluorescent emission, phosphorescent emission, coloration, and visual aesthetic benefits and the like. Further, optically functional benefits include those benefits provided to a substrate or surface treated with the aqueous bleaching solutions whereby the optically functional property is transferred either temporarily or permanently to the substrate or surface following contact with bleaching solutions containing the optically functional nanoparticles.

Provided are a temperature compensation method and system of a solar air conditioner for a car. The method comprises the steps that 1, the position of the sun is detected; 2, the sun radiation perpendicular incidence intensity value, the sun radiation scattering intensity value and designed hourly temperature and humidity are detected; 3, the current longitude value and latitude value and the running direction of the car are detected; 4, the position relation between the sun and the car is judged; 5, outdoor environment data is determined; 6, a plurality of temperature compensation coefficients of the area where the car is located are calculated and stored in a database; 7, the corresponding temperature compensation coefficients in the database are queried, the sun light intensity is detected through a single-area light intensity sensor, and sunlight compensation is carried out on different areas of the car according to the function relation between the sunlight intensity and the temperature compensation coefficients and serves as temperature compensation. According to the method, the light intensity and temperature are coupled, therefore, general use of the solar air conditioner for the car is achieved, and the cost and achieving complexity of the multi-temperature-zone automatic conditioner are reduced.

Frequency calibration of a bi-static type of radar system is performed by positioning radar transmitter and receiver in spaced relation to each other over a targeted seawater surface from which radar radiation along a forward radiation scattering path is reflected toward the receiver while radar energy is also radiated along a direct path to the receiver by-passing the seawater during sequential frequency measurement tests to determine a frequency diffraction factor. A radiation blocking barrier is positioned by a floating support at a reflection location at an angular position on the seawater surface for intersection by the forward scattering path to block reflection of radar energy radiation toward the receiver during one of the measurement tests.

The invention relates to the technical field of radomes, and discloses a radiation scattering integrated low-RCS radome and a design method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: optimizing the arrangement of a plurality of phase units on a transmission-type metasurface of the radome through a stochastic gradient descent method; optimizing the objective function of the phase unit arrangement by using a stochastic gradient descent method to obtain optimal phase arrangement; obtaining the optimal phase arrangement according to the optimized objective function, carrying out the fitting between the sizes of the phase units and the phase relation of the phase units through employing an artificial neural network, and finding out the patch sizes corresponding to a plurality of phase units; and designing the transmission-type metasurface of the radome according to the patch sizes corresponding to a plurality of phase units and the optimal arrangement so as to obtain the radiation scattering integrated low-RCS radome. The radome and the design method thereof solve the problem of RCS reduction in a working band and are simple in implementation method, low in cost and high inpracticability.

An apparatus and associated method for obtaining a three-dimensional representation of a target object within a fluid-carrying conduit, such as a hydrocarbon exploration or production well, using high energy photons is provided. The representation is essentially a three-dimensional image that achieves visualization of the shape of the target object despite the intervening opaque fluids located between the imaging tool and the object. In one specific though non-limiting embodiment, a narrow, pencil-shaped beam of radiation is scanned in coordination with a similarly narrow detector field-of-view in order to sample the radiation-scattering properties of only a small volume of material at any given time. The result is a clearer to visualization with a greater viewing depth.

The invention discloses a method for calculating scattering characteristic of a river ice infrared waveband, and belongs to the field of target and environmental infrared radiation scattering characteristic research. The problems that a scattering model has low calculation accuracy and low practicability in engineering because the fact that the river ice has the characteristics of strong directional scattering and strong scattering radiation brightness is not considered are solved. The method comprises the following steps: dividing BRDF on the surface of river ice into two parts, namely diffusion reflection BRDFdiff and specular reflection BRDFspec, and calculating the diffusion reflection BRDFdiff and the specular reflection BRDFspec separately to obtain the BRDF on the surface of the river ice; according to the BRDF on the surface of the river ice, the wavelength of incident solar radiation, the incident direction and the observation direction, calculating the radiation brightness after the river ice is scattered; and according to the radiation brightness, calculating the scattering radiation brightness after the scattering radiation brightness of the river ice is absorbed by atmosphere through the observation direction. The method is used for calculating the scattering radiation brightness of the river ice under solar radiation exposure during earth observation.

Monitoring of infants in an incubator may use cameras to measure vital signs and other medical parameters, including oxygen saturation of arterial blood. However, the images obtained by these cameras suffer from a reduced signal-to-noise ratio due to specular reflectance from light reflecting off the skin of the infant. By including radiation scattering structures within the incubator walls and light sources arranged along the edges of the incubator walls, diffuse illumination may be achieved, specular reflectance may be reduced, and the above-mentioned adverse affects on the signal-to-noise ratio of the camera images may be avoided and/or reduced.

A radiation scatter protection system designed to attach to an X-ray table to limit exposure to radiation for both medical staff and patient. The radiation scatter protection system includes an arm board adapted to be disposed around an arm of the patient; an arm board shielding including one large sheet of shielding extending downward from the X-ray table and a plurality of additional sheets of shielding, removably mounted to the arm board; a sand bag shield including a plurality of sheets of top shielding and a plurality of sheets of bottom shielding which connect to an elongated, cylindrical sandbag; a side curtain shield hanging from the X-ray table; and a throw shield.

A radiographic apparatus includes photoelectric converter elements for converting a radiographic image of an object into image signals and a shield member for shielding the photoelectric converter elements from scattered rays arising within the radiographic apparatus from radiation passing through the photoelectric converter elements. The shield member has a plurality of areas, in which at least one of a radiation transmittivity and a radiation scattering probability varies.

In a device for providing challenge-response pairs a radiation detection element, a challenge-modifying element and preferably also a light source are arranged on the same side of an imaginary plane, which separates said radiation-detecting element from a radiation scattering element. Hence, generation of a speckle pattern having a desired minimum speckle size is facilitated and a more easily assembled device is provided.