64 results about "Photon transmission" patented technology

A radiation sensor including a scintillation layer configured to emit photons upon interaction with ionizing radiation and a photodetector including in order a first electrode, a photosensitive layer, and a photon-transmissive second electrode disposed in proximity to the scintillation layer. The photosensitive layer is configured to generate electron-hole pairs upon interaction with a part of the photons. The radiation sensor includes pixel circuitry electrically connected to the first electrode and configured to measure an imaging signal indicative of the electron-hole pairs generated in the photosensitive layer and a planarization layer disposed on the pixel circuitry between the first electrode and the pixel circuitry such that the first electrode is above a plane including the pixel circuitry. A surface of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode at least partially overlaps the pixel circuitry and has a surface inflection above features of the pixel circuitry. The surface inflection has a radius of curvature greater than one half micron.

An optic device, system and method for making are described. The optic device includes a first solid phase layer having a first index of refraction with a first photon transmission property and a second solid phase layer having a second index of refraction with a second photon transmission property. The first and second layers are conformal to each other. The optic device may be fabricated by vapor depositing a first layer and then vapor depositing a second layer thereupon. The first layer may be deposited onto a blank or substrate. The blank or substrate may be rotated during deposition. Further, a computer-controlled shutter may be used to alter the deposition rate of material along an axis of the optic device. Alternatively, the optic device may be moved at varying speeds through a vapor stream to alter the deposition rate of material.

A connection between a source node and a destination node is automatically routed and switched in a WDM photonic network, on receipt of a connection request. A switching and routing mechanism selects a plurality of valid link paths using a path tree, where invalid branches are eliminated based on constraints received in the connection request, and on a link and path cost functions. A regenerator placement tree is used for determining a plurality of viable regenerator paths for each valid link path. On the regenerator placement tree, non-viable branches are eliminated based on constraints received with the request and on regenerator availability at the intermediate nodes along the respective path, and on the specification of these available regenerators. Next, the switching and routing mechanism assigns a set of wavelengths to each viable regenerator path, and estimates the performance of the path using a Q estimator. The regenerator paths are ordered according to their performance and the switching and routing mechanism attempts to setup a paths to serve the request, starting with the best path.

A multi-energy imaging system and method for selectively generating high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-ray beams are described. A pair of optic devices are used, one optic device being formed to emit high X-ray energies and the other optic device being formed to emit low X-ray energies. A selective filtering mechanism is used to filter the high X-ray energies from the low X-ray energies. The optic devices have at least a first solid phase layer having a first index of refraction with a first photon transmission property and a second solid phase layer having a second index of refraction with a second photon transmission property. The first and second layers are conformal to each other.

An optic device, system and method for making are described. The optic device includes a first solid phase layer having a first index of refraction with a first photon transmission property and a second solid phase layer having a second index of refraction with a second photon transmission property. The first and second layers are conformal to each other. The optic device may be fabricated by vapor depositing a first layer and then vapor depositing a second layer thereupon. The first layer may be deposited onto a blank or substrate. The blank or substrate may be rotated during deposition. Further, a computer-controlled shutter may be used to alter the deposition rate of material along an axis of the optic device. Alternatively, the optic device may be moved at varying speeds through a vapor stream to alter the deposition rate of material.

A noninvasive analyzer apparatus and method of use thereof is described comprising a near-infrared source, a detector, and a photon transport system configured to direct photons from the source to the detector via an analyzer-sample optical interface. The photon transport system includes a dynamically position light directing unit used to, within a measurement time period for a single analyte concentration determination, change any of: radius, energy, intensity, position, incident angle, solid angle, and / or depth of penetration of a beam of photons entering skin of a subject.

The instant invention presents means for sequestering COx and NOx; further comprising algae means to convert COx into oxygen (O2), as well as biological means to convert sulfides into elemental sulfur. The instant invention comprises algae, heterotrophs, facultative bacteria and Thiobacillus. The instant invention comprises means of light (photon) transfer. Fiber optics is a means of photon transfer to provide photons to a biological reactor. The instant invention comprises the photon depth adsorption capability of algae in biological reactor means. The instant invention comprises means of energy management so that the instant invention may be used in most any environment, wherein a photon (light) source is available and can comprise a means of photon source generation when a light source is not available.

The invention discloses a simulation method of photon transmission performance, comprising the steps of 1, setting to-be-simulated photon number, original state of each photon and medium optical characteristic parameters; 2, according to the original state, emitting the photons, tracking the transmission path of each photon; using a corrected Monte Carlo method to track the photons passing through a medium interface or a receiving plane during the tracking; 3, based on a tracking result, performing statistical calculation, generating and displaying a spot distribution graph, a multi-path delay probability graph, the largest multi-path time delay, 63% photon average multi-path time delay, the largest time delay, residual photon number. The method improves the corrected Monte Carlo method for the medium interface and the receiving plane on the photon movement path, so that a simulation result is more accurate; the method provides more accurate simulation data for further developing laser-underwater receiving platform communication system.

The invention relates to a biological autofluorescence tomography method and a device based on iteration reweighting. The method adopts the scheme that by capturing photon signals emitted by tumor cells of a fluorescent protein gene, a size of a tumor focal zone in an organism can be reconstructed three-dimensionally, and positioning analysis can be performed on the focal zone by fusing organism anatomical structure information provided by Micro-CT (Micro-Computed Tomography). According to the method and the device, a non-homogeneous organism model and a photon transmission model based on a diffusion equation are established by combining function information provided by autofluorescence imaging and the structure information provided by Micro-CT imaging, and three-dimensional reconstruction of an illuminant in the organism is achieved by using a norm regularization and iteration reweighting combined optimization strategy. With the adoption of the scheme, a result closer to an actual solution can be reconstructed by less observation quantity; the computational efficiency of solving can be improved effectively; the robustness of a reconstruction algorithm can be improved; and the method and the device are suitable for practical three-dimensional detection and quantitative analysis of a tumor in the practical organism.

The invention provides a two-dimensional eutectic organic single crystal micro crystal, a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following preparation steps: selecting pyridine nitrogen-containing oligostyrene-based organic molecules as halogen bond donor molecules, and selecting iodobenzene organic molecules as halogen bond acceptor molecules, adding the halogen bonddonor molecules and the halogen bond acceptor molecules into a good organic solvent and sonicating for several minutes to prepare an organic solvent stock solution of the halogen bond donor moleculesand the halogen bond acceptor molecules; at room temperature, adding the organic solvent stock solution of the halogen bond donor molecules and the halogen bond acceptor molecules into a poor organicsolvent to shake uniformly, then dripping on a substrate, and drying the organic solvent through volatilization to obtain a two-dimensional organic eutectic micro nanostructure material. The two-dimensional eutectic organic single crystal micro crystal can be supposed to be used for preparing an optical logic device for multichannel input and output. The invention provides a new approach for realizing controllable preparation of the two-dimensional organic micro crystal, and the organic crystal can realize asymmetric photon transmission, thereby realizing the optical logic device with multiple input / output channels which take a two-dimensional organic micro nanostructure crystal as a carrier.

The invention relates to a fluorescent Monte-Carlo simulation method based on cluster-type GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) acceleration. The method can be used for simultaneously simulating a plurality of sources, the transmission time of simulation photons in biological tissues is greatly saved, the absorption effect of fluorogen in the tissues to exciting light is considered, and photon transmission of the exciting light and that of fluorescent light in the biological tissues are respectively traced. The accuracy of the method is high, the light transmission information in real biological tissues can be obtained, the rich information provides a basis for the optimization of an optical imaging system, and accurate guide information is provided for optical diagnosis and optical treatment.

A photon detector is disclosed that includes, in addition to an immobilisable photon-sensitive element, a photon transmission element. The photon detector is configured such that it can vary photon intensities impacting upon the photon-sensitive element and transmitted by the photon transmission element, for example, by modifying an absorption property or a defocussing property of the photon transmission element. Also, the immobile photon-sensitive element, which can be, for example a SPAD (Single Photon Avalanche Diode), always operates close to the optimal operating range and below an immobilisation range. A distancing device that includes this type of photo detector is also disclosed.

The invention relates to a method for preparing scintillation crystal detection unit, belongs to the technology field of radiation detection, and resolves a conflict between batch processing of crystal in the prior art and high surface quality. The method comprises the steps including a crystal cutting and forming step, a crystal unit surface processing step, a crystal unit surface thin-film coating step and a reflecting material cladding step. The designing and coating of scintillation crystal detection unit surface high reflective film provided by the invention can completely cover an emission spectrum of the scintillation crystal, reflectivity of specific band of the scintillation crystal can be pointedly improved, a problem of reducing absorption and reflectivity of photon in reflective film gaps probably caused by adopting the reflective film pasted on the crystal surface can be avoided, transmission efficiency of photon is improved, and the loss during the photon transmission process is reduced. The method does not ask for high rank and precise processing equipment and is good for industrial mass production.

The present invention contemplates a variety of methods and techniques for fabricating a carbon nanotube (CNT) signal modulator for reducing, eliminating, or enhancing the resonance interaction between photonic elements, and a photonic transmission device that may incorporate the signal modulator. The CNT signal modulator comprises a gate CNT on a substrate in a position for receiving an input photonic signal and an input modulation signal; and transmitting an output photonic signal that is reduced, eliminated, or enhanced through the selection of the input modulation signal; and an input modulation signal sender for sending the input modulation signal to the gate CNT and creating the modulated output photonic signal from the gate CNT. The photonic transmission device can contain a plurality of CNTs, each having functional antenna forms that are capable of a resonance interaction of photons between adjacent CNTs when formed as an array on a substrate. The photonic transmission device can also comprise the CNT signal modulator.

The invention relates to a photon detector (1) comprising, in addition to an immobilisable photon-sensitive element (5), a photon transmission element (7). Said photon detector is configured such that it can vary photon intensities impacting upon the photon-sensitive element (5) and transmitted by the photon transmission element (7), for example, by modifying an absorption property or a defocussing property of the photon transmission element (7). Also, the immobile photon-sensitive element, which can be, for example a SPAD (Single Photon Avalanche Diode), always operates close to the optimal operating range and below an immobilisation range. The invention also relates to a distancing device comprising said type of photo detector.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-sensitivity surface-enhanced Raman scattering porous silicon photonic crystal biosensor device. The method includes the following steps: S1. Using an electrochemical corrosion method to make the surface of N-type single crystal silicon into macropores A porous silicon Bragg reflector with alternately stacked layers-mesoporous layers; S2. Using the porous silicon Bragg reflector as a base material, preparing silver nanoparticles attached in the pores to obtain a porous silicon photonic crystal biosensor device. The invention utilizes the special photon transmission characteristics of photonic crystals and the optical long-distance pool effect to increase the interaction length between light and matter, effectively improving the detection signal strength and sensitivity of the device, the Raman signal strength is about 5 times that of single-layer porous silicon, and the detection limit It is two orders of magnitude higher than that of single-layer porous silicon.

The invention provides a visible light duplex communication device, comprising a first transmit-receive module, a second transmit-receive module and an optical communication module; wherein both the first transmit-receive module and the second transmit-receive module are used for receiving and transmitting a multimedia signal; the optical communication module comprises a first quantum well diode device and a second quantum well diode device which are connected through an optical waveguide; the first quantum well diode device is connected with the first transmit-receive module, the second quantum well diode device is connected with the second transmit-receive module; and the optical communication module is used for achieving duplex communication of the multimedia signal between the first transmit-receive module and the second transmit-receive module in the way of optical transmission. The visible light duplex communication device of the invention has the beneficial effects that: a transmission mode of the multimedia signal is changed from conventional electronic transmission or radio wave transmission into photon transmission, thereby greatly improving a transmission efficiency of the multimedia signal; at the same time, duplex communication of the multimedia signal is achieved, and the function of the visible light duplex communication device is expanded.

Modulated entangled photon pairs are used to transmit data between a sender and receiver subsystem. The sender subsystem comprises at least one data input, a modulator to modulate the photons, a photon combiner and a transmitter coupler to direct the modulated entangled photon pairs towards a receiver. The receiver subsystem comprises a receiver coupler, a photon de-combiner to direct the photons to polarization analyzers to transmit photons of a specified polarization to detectors, and a processor to record the information transmitted by the detectors. The sender subsystem transmits information to the receiver subsystem through the modulation of the entangled photon state. The present system and method is quantum which provides advantages over classical and optical communications. These advantages include using less power to transmit information, and allowing transmission through and around obstructions and adverse environments.

The invention discloses a high-speed high-capacity photon transmission network and aims to provide a transmission network with a high integration degree and a stable time delay. The high-speed high-capacity photon transmission network is implemented by the following technical scheme: a random primary DBF (Digital Beam Forming) module is connected with each secondary DBF module; each secondary DBFmodule is connected with a final-stage DBF module; a symmetric data communication photon transmission network between the primary DBF modules and the secondary DBF modules, and between the secondary DBF modules and the final-stage DBF module is established; all optical fiber links are directly connected with a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) high-speed GTH interface on each stage of DBF modules after photo / electricity and electricity / photo conversion, and a physical connection mode of the optical fiber link between each stage of modules is fixed; and the primary DBF modules receive or send digital signals to a plurality of secondary DBF modules, and the final-stage DBF module receives or sends digital signals of the plurality of secondary DBF modules so as to form a multi-stage bidirectional transmission network for transmitting the digital signals.

The invention discloses a photon transmission simulation-based apple hyperspectral quality detection method. According to the method, a photon incidence optimal position and a source detection distance are analyzed; and a point light source hyper-spectrograph is utilized to actually photograph a Hongfushi apple so as to realize verification. Analysis shows that photons have a probability of 73.12%to reach a deeper depth at the equatorial position of the apple; a source detection location is related to the optical parameters of the apple; the source detection location is ring-shaped; the source detection inner and outer diameter of the source detection location range from 1.5 mm to 10.15 mm; the incident location of the Hongfushi apple collected by the point light source hyper-spectrographis the equatorial position of the Hongfushi apple; the source detection location is a ring with a radius of 3.6 mm to 10.8 mm which is basically consistent with a simulation data analysis result; a Monte Carlo photon transmission simulation method provides a new idea for the study of hyperspectral apple quality non-destructive detection; and analysis results can provide a theoretical basis for the study of hyperspectral quality detection experimental design and apple portable quality detection optical instrument design.

The invention relates to a single-photon detector of a shared digital converter. The single-photon detector comprises N groups of single-photon detection circuits, N digital converters and a main control processor. The main control processor is connected with the N groups of single-photon detection circuits, and each group of single-photon detection circuits is connected with one digital converter. Each group of single-photon detection circuits comprises a plurality of single-photon detection units, and one digital converter is connected with the plurality of single-photon detection units. Each group of single-photon detection circuits selects and switches on one single-photon detection unit corresponding to an enable control signal output by the main control processor, detects photons andgenerates a pulse signal to the digital converter upon receiving a photon. The digital converter calculates the time interval of photon transmission according to the pulse signal. The main control processor determines the distance between a target object and the detector through the time interval, and completes the detection. According to the detector, the column-sharing digital converter strategy is adopted, so that the light sensing efficiency and the integration degree of a chip are improved.

The invention provides a simulation method for reflecting polarized light by an underwater target based on a bidirectional reflection theory, and solves the problems of limitation and insufficient priori knowledge for different environments due to the fact that priori knowledge is obtained and an image is restored through an experiment mode based on a specific environment at present. The method includes the steps of 1) setting parameters of an initial light source, a scattering environment and a reflection target; 2) sampling an initial photon coordinate, a motion vector and a Stokes vector according to the initial light source parameters; and calculating an attenuation coefficient, a scattering coefficient and a single albedo according to the scattering environment parameters; 3) simulating photon movement, and sampling photon movement step length and energy weight; 4) judging photon behaviors according to the photon movement step length and the energy weight; 5) calculating the stokes vector of the finally received photon according to the motion vector of the received photon; and 6) carrying out statistical analysis on the finally received photons to obtain analysis results of photon transmission characteristics and polarization characteristics under set environmental parameters.

Radiation scattering is one of the main contributors to the uncertainty of near infrared (NIR) measurements. Enhanced absorption-measurement accuracy for NIR sensors is achieved by using a combination of NIR spectroscopy and time-of-flight techniques to select photons that are the result of a given mean free path within a moving sample target. By measuring absorption as a function of path length or by windowing signals that are attributable to excessive scattering of NIR radiation within the sample, this technique affords the calculation of more accurate and more universal calibrations. The NIR sensor employs short or ultra-short laser pulses to create NIR that is directed to the moving sample and emerging radiation is detected over time. Windowing effectively truncates non-contributing measurements.

The invention relates to a planar photoelectric detection system based on a color separation focusing diffractive optical element. The planar photoelectric detection system comprises the color separation focusing diffraction optical element, a photon integration loop and an information processing module, wherein the photon integration loop is composed of an optical waveguide array and a phase delayer; the color separation focusing diffractive optical element acquires target optical information; a light beam of a corresponding waveband is divided into at least two narrow-waveband light beams after passing through a phase type focusing grating, the light beams are focused and coupled into the optical waveguide array, and then phase adjustment is realized on the light beams by means of a phase delayer till the two light beams meet interference conditions; and coherent light is input into the information processing module for image restoration, and a high-resolution image is obtained. According to the planar photoelectric detection system, the structure of a block type planar photoelectric imaging system is simplified, the integration burden of the photon integration loop is reduced, the waveguide transmission distance is shortened, and the photon transmission efficiency and the energy utilization rate are improved.

The invention relates to a measurement method of a coherent-vortex topological charge based on two-photon association. The measurement method of the coherent-vortex topological charge based on two-photon association comprises the following steps of generating a noncoherent entanglement photon pair; dividing the entanglement photon pair into an i photon and an s photon through a beam splitter; controlling a computer and making the s photon passing through a spatial light modulator acquire a vortex phase, then coupling an optical signal to a single mode fiber and using an avalanche diode to carry out single point measurement; controlling the computer and making the i photon passing through the spatial light modulator acquire a specific amplitude and a phase, then coupling the optical signalto the single mode fiber and using the avalanche diode to carry out single point measurement; associating and calculating the two paths of measured optical signals and using the computer to record; and through changing a transmission coefficient of the spatial light modulator of an optical path where the i photon is located, searching a maximum value of an output association value, wherein an i photon transmission coefficient corresponding to the maximum value is a vortex topological charge value of the s photon. In the invention, the noncoherent entanglement photon pair is taken as a light source; on a single photon level, a topological charge of a coherent vortex is measured; and advantages of an accurate measurement result and a large measurement range are possessed.

The invention provides a device-independent quantum secure direct communication method based on a single photon source. Two communication parties use a single photon source to generate a single photon, the two parties send the single photon to a third party for Bell state measurement, and a measurement result can indicate whether the two parties successfully establish an entanglement channel or not. And then, the information sender encodes the photons in the hand and sends the photons to an information receiver for Bell state measurement so as to read the secret information transmitted by the sender. The security of the two rounds of photon transmission process is ensured by an equipment-independent security detection method. Due to the fact that the probability that the single photon source generates the single photon is far higher than the probability that the entanglement source generates the photon entanglement state, the method can effectively improve the actual safety information capacity of the DI-QSDC, meanwhile, the influence of photon transmission loss on communication safety can be eliminated through an indication method, the information loss rate and the error rate are reduced, and the communication distance is effectively prolonged. In addition, the Bell state measurement equipment is based on linear optics and can be realized under the current experiment condition.

The invention relates to an optical measurement method for resistivity of a semiconductor material. The principle of the optical measurement method is as follows: a semiconductor material generates excess carriers after absorption of a pump beam with the photon energy greater than the forbidden bandwidth; the excess carriers are subjected to radiative recombination to generate photons, and the photons are reabsorbed by the material during the process of transmitting the photons to the front and back surfaces; since the magnitude of a re-absorption coefficient is related to the photon energy, in addition to the difference in photon transmission paths, the photoluminescence spectra collected and measured by the front and back surfaces are different. The re-absorption of the photons mainly comprises intrinsic absorption and free carrier absorption; the magnitude of the free carrier absorption is related to the doping concentration of the semiconductor material, therefore, the doping concentration of the semiconductor material can be obtained by analyzing and calculating the photoluminescence spectra collected by the front and back surfaces, and the resistivity can be further calculated by a formula. According to the method of the invention, the defect that a traditional four point probe technology needs to be in contact with a sample is overcome, and the measurement precision of the resistivity of the semiconductor material is improved.