The application discloses application of a PHD3 inhibitor in prevention and treatment of AIDS. Through immunological, biochemical and other multidisciplinary research means, the application analyzes the mechanism that a viral antisense
protein ASP inhibits production of type I IFN to realize
immune escape and establish latent infection in an HIV-1 infection process. Mechanically, after being expressed into a
protein in a
cell in the body, the ASP needs to undergo post-translational modification to exert its inhibiting effect, and after
hydroxylation modification of a 47-position
proline, the ASP can help to realize the ability of inhibiting the body immune response, and the post-translational modification depends on a host
proline hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) to realize. Based on the mechanism-based research, it is found that a PHD3 inhibitor Molidustat offsets the
hydroxylation of the ASP by PHD3, thereby blocking the immune evasion of HIV-1 and antagonizing infection, and showing a good development prospect of an AIDS treatment and prevention
drug.