The invention discloses an offshore underwater slope bed rock blasting excavation construction method and a blasting charging structure applied to the method, and the offshore underwater slope bed rock blasting excavation construction method sequentially comprises the steps of point fixing, positioning, drilling, filling and blasting. Specifically, a plurality of blasting points are determined according to a selected blasting area, the blasting points are distributed in the blasting area in a staggered array mode, a drilling ship is moved to the blasting points through a positioning device, the drilling ship is anchored to the blasting points, and a plurality of blasting holes are formed in the blasting points through drilling accurately determined by a drilling device. And the multiple blasting holes are sequentially filled with the multiple blasting charging structures, a blasting network is completed according to design connection, the blasting network is set to be in a millisecond delay blasting mode, the blasting network is excited and detonated, and blasting is completed. According to the offshore underwater slope bedrock blasting excavation construction method, the blasting effect is good, the unit consumption of blasting explosives is low, and the blasting construction cost is low.