203results about How to "Improve excavation efficiency" patented technology

A architectural engineering area technology controllable a well lamination construction, including: (1) falls water well use two section or more strainer designs, in the diving water-bearing stratum and the bearing pressure water-bearing stratum has the strainer separately; (2) in the well, between the diving water-bearing stratum and in bearing pressure water-bearing stratum's section of well tubes installs stops the water installment controllably; when (3) tenth well constructs, outside between well tube's wall and the opening wall, the diving water-bearing stratum and the bearing pressure water-bearing stratum's aquiclude place establishment stops the water section; when (4) precipitation construction, carries on the diving unwater precipitation first, when in has the dangerous depth which structure excavation to the confined water produces wells up suddenly, opens in the well to stop the water installment, the extraction confined water, and may continue to the diving water-bearing stratum to carry on the unwater precipitation; In the pump process, in the well stops the water installment to open repeatedly and to close, realizes to the precipitation level, the precipitation process, the precipitation degree control. This invention uses a well to solve the diving unwater and the confined water voltage dropping or the unwater question.

The invention relates to a miniature TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) excavation system for tunnel excavation in a physical simulation test and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. The system comprises a cutter head, a protective shield, a gripper, a transmission shaft, a pulling jack, a guide rail, a motor, a base and the like; one end of the pulling jack is fixed to a support rack; a piston at the other end of the pulling jack is used for pulling the base and the motor to move forwards or backwards together; the motor is used for driving the transmission shaft to rotate to push the cutter head to move forwards to cut tunnel face rock mass; jacks on two sides of the gripper can push gripper arms to exert specified pressure to wall rock. The system can accurately simulate the rock breaking process of the cutter head, takes the interaction between the wall rock and the gripper, the interaction between the tunnel face and cutter head and the interaction between the wall rock and the protective shield into consideration, can be applied for simulating a shield TBM to excavate a soft rock tunnel, a subway or the like in a common geomechnical model test and can also be applied for simulating excavation of a TBM for a deep-lying hard rock tunnel to study the relationship between rock-machine interaction and rock burst.

The invention discloses a tunneling machine using laser for rock breaking. The tunneling machine structurally comprises a tunneling machine host and a water and electricity output system matched withthe tunneling machine host, wherein a cutter head system is arranged at the front part of the tunneling machine host; a plurality of laser generators are uniformly arranged on a cutterhead of the cutterhead system along the movement track; the emitting ends of the laser generators form an inclined angle with the tunnel face rock in the digging position; the laser generators are connected with thewater and electricity output system through a conveying and distribution pipe of a water and electricity conveying and distribution system; the conveying and distribution pipe is a porous pipeline integrating a water pipe and an electric wire pipe; the middle part of the tunneling machine host is provided with a driving system for driving the cutterhead system; a slag discharging system matched with the cutterhead system is arranged inside the tunneling machine host; a step system is arranged on the tunneling machine host. A laser ray system is used for solving the problem that the abnormal damage can easily occur during the rock cutting by a metal cutter; the suspension cutting rock breaking is used, so that the digging efficiency is improved; the digging cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a mechanical excavation method for a hard-rock tunnel with the medium-short length and belongs to the field of construction methods. The mechanical excavation method comprises the steps that first, a plurality of parallel and vertical grooves are cut on a tunnel face in a tunnel profile at certain intervals, and each vertical groove enables rock on the two sides of the vertical groove to form a free face with the certain depth; and then crushing equipment is utilized to apply extruding stress to each free face of the two sides of the corresponding vertical groove, so that the rock of the two sides of the vertical grooves is crushed, and excavation of the tunnel is achieved. Compared with the prior art, the requirement of the construction, limited in blasting vibration, of the new built rock tunnel with the medium-short length for the aspects such as the economy, efficiency and the safety risk can be met; and meanwhile the construction efficiency is greatly improved compared with the prior art.

The invention relates to the technical field of foundation pit construction, in particular to an excavation construction method for a super-wide low-permeability silty deep foundation pit. The construction method comprises the following steps that the foundation pit is excavated in a low-permeability silty soil layer where foundation pit dewatering is not carried out, the action of earth berm under the super-wide characteristic of the foundation pit is fully used, excavation is conducted in a partitioned and layered mode, the earth berm is reserved by slotting a slot in the middle of the foundation pit, steel supports are erected, and the earth berm is excavated out, so that balance and stability of the earth berm and supporting structures in the foundation pit are ensured; and meanwhile, abnormal conditions of the foundation pit is closely concerned through foundation pit monitoring measurement, and the purposes of reducing interference of the supports to earth excavation equipment and accelerating construction progress are achieved. The stepped continuous excavation supporting construction is adopted, and excavation is conducted in a partitioned and segmented mode, so that layered, segmented, ordered and normalized foundation pit excavation is achieved, machine input is reduced, the number of times of earth relaying transferring is reduced, the machine using efficiency is improved, and repeated dispatching of machines in the excavation process is reduced.

The invention discloses an earth excavation method under annular support of a deep foundation pit. The foundation pit is excavated layer by layer in the method; and the excavation in each layer comprises the following steps: 1) part earth on the present layer is excavated; and after the excavation is finished, an annular inner support of the present layer is constructed in the excavated area; 2) center island earth of the present layer is excavated; earth or pond residues are used for forming a projected driving channel in the center island earth excavation process; and the driving channel is connected to the edge of the foundation pit or a trestle; and 3) earth serving as the driving channel is excavated. The method solves the problem of more earth transfer at the middle part of the annular support foundation pit by using a form of arranging the trestle in the center of the foundation pit, and shortens the earth construction period. The excavation technology enables an earth car to directly reach the internal of the foundation pit to excavate any area in excavation of each layer of earth through use of the inclined trestle and backfill of a pond residue road, reduces the muck reshipment times, and largely fastens the excavation speed.

The invention discloses a construction method for a round underground continuous wall two-in-one structure. The construction method includes the following steps that (1) bracket steel sheet piles are prefabricated, and round steel reinforced concrete enclosing purlins are prefabricated in a segmented mode; (2) pile sinking is carried out; (3) a foundation pit is excavated; (4) gaps in locking positions of the steel plate piles are blocked; (5) the round steel reinforced concrete enclosing purlins are assembled; (6) the foundation pit continues to be excavated downwards until the design depth is reached, and the gaps in the locking positions of the steel plate piles are continuously blocked through waterstop steel strips; (7) a bottom plate waterstop steel plate is welded to the inner side faces of the steel plate piles, and the bottom plate waterstop steel plate surrounds the inner side of a support in the circumferential direction in an endless shape; and (8) a cushion layer is laid, then a bottom plate is cast to reach a set thickness, and the bottom plate waterstop steel plate is made to stretch into the bottom plate. Through the construction method, the support cost for the foundation pit of an underground building can be reduced effectively; on the basis, the support is used as an outer wall of the underground building, the novel structure that the support and the outer wall are integrated is formed, and a foundation is laid for reducing the overall construction cost of the underground building.

The invention relates to a construction process for a prestress support in a deep foundation pit. The construction process specifically comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning a site and constructing and paying off; (2) construction preparation; and (3) constructing enclosure engineering: a prestress is applied in an enclosure mode by means of triaxial stirring pile water sealing, a cast-in-situ bored pile, a biaxial stirring pile, a stiffening anchor rod pile, anchor spraying and a semi-detached waist rail, wherein the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps: sequentially joining and alternately performing triaxial stirring pile water sealing, cast-in-situ bored pile enclosing and biaxial stirring pile matched with earthwork excavation and transportation; firstly, performing construction of the cast-in-situ bored pile, wherein two stirring pile drivers move in opposite directions to reduce construction cold joints, and 3-5 days after construction of the biaxial stirring piles, following up and inputting the mixture into a drilling machine for performing construction of the cast-in-situ bored pile; after construction of the cast-in-situ bored pile, excavating earthwork, and then continuously excavating earthwork after constructing the stiffening anchor rod pile, and performing anchor spraying and the semi-detached waist rail; and repeating the construction flowsin the steps till integral construction of a to-be-constructed super deep foundation pit is finished. The construction process efficiency is high, the safety of the foundation pit is ensured, and theconstruction period is shortened.

The invention discloses an urban subway hard rock stratum connection channel high-pressure gas expansion cracking excavation method, a connection channel is excavated by adopting an upper and lower step method, and the construction sequence of the step method is as follows: upper step excavation, construction of an upper step primary support, construction of an arch mortar anchor rod, excavation of a lower step, construction of a lower step primary support and construction of a connection channel secondary lining structure; wherein the upper step is excavated by adopting a mechanical method and an assistant high-pressure gas expansion fracturing method, and the lower step is excavated by adopting a high-pressure gas expansion fracturing method. The excavation method has the advantages of high efficiency of excavation through a blasting method, safety of excavation through a mechanical method, small influence range, basically no environmental pollution, high efficiency compared with pure mechanical excavation, good safety performance, little pollution, low noise, small vibration, easiness in control and the like.

The invention discloses a high-pressure-bearing square deep foundation pit applicable to a water-rich sand gravel stratum and an excavation method of the high-pressure-bearing square deep foundation pit. The foundation pit comprises a dewatering excavation area on the upper portion of the foundation pit and a water entrainment excavation area on the lower portion of the foundation pit. A dewatering well is arranged in the dewatering excavation area. A pit external groove sidewall reinforcing device and a pit internal groove sidewall reinforcing device are arranged inside and outside a diaphragm wall of the whole dewatering excavation area correspondingly. The whole dewatering excavation area is further provided with at least two reinforced concrete waist supporting beams and reinforced concrete supports. The water entrainment excavation area is provided with muddy water sucking equipment and filtered water recharge equipment, and multiple stages of settling ponds are arranged outside the foundation pit correspondingly. The stepped excavation method that the reinforced concrete supports are arranged and unwatering excavation is adopted on the upper portion and water entrainment excavation is adopted on the lower portion is adopted. The construction quality of the diaphragm wall is effectively ensured, the probability that water seepage, water burst and sand burst appear in the diaphragm wall is lowered, the excavation safety of the foundation pit is ensured, the excavation schedule of the foundation pit is accelerated, and the excavation cost of the foundation pit is reduced.

The invention discloses a vertical shaft TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) device. The front part of a girder of the vertical shaft TBM device is provided with a cutter head driving system; rotation of the cutter head driving system drives a cutter head to rotate; the cutter head adopts a cavity-type hemi-ellipsoidal structure; a stirring device is arranged in a cavity of the cutter head; a cutter is arranged on the outer surface of the cutter head; a feed inlet is reserved on the cutter head; a slurry input pipeline and a slagging pipeline are arranged in the girder; the front end of the slurry input pipeline extends to the front end face of the cutter head; the rear end part of the cutter head is provided with the slagging pipeline communicated with the cavity of the cutter head; the rear end of the slagging pipeline extends out of the girder; both sides of the girder are provided with propelling systems; each propelling system comprises a thrust oil cylinder; one end of each thrust oil cylinder is hinged to the girder and the other end of the thrust oil cylinder extends backwards and is hinged with a supporting shoe; a telescopic oil cylinder for pressing two supporting shoes on the wall of a vertical shaft is arranged between the two supporting shoes. According to the invention, full-face integral forming of the vertical shaft can be implemented and the tunneling speed of the vertical shaft is greatly improved.

The invention discloses a rock breaking multi-arm cantilever tunneling machine carried with hobs and a method for constructing the rock breaking multi-arm cantilever tunneling machine. By the aid of the rock breaking multi-arm cantilever tunneling machine and the method, the problem of difficulty in excavating short-distance, hard-rock and special-shaped tunnels by the aid of existing tunneling machines can be solved. The rock breaking multi-arm cantilever tunneling machine is characterized in that two rotary tables are symmetrically movably arranged at the front of a main mechanism of the rock breaking multi-arm cantilever tunneling machine in the up-down directions, hydraulic rotary oil cylinders for driving the rotary tables to rotate are arranged inside the main mechanism, pitching oilcylinders are arranged at the fronts of the two rotary tables, at least one cantilever is hinged onto each rotary table, rotary shafts are arranged at the fronts of the cantilevers, rotary motors fordriving the rotary shafts to rotate are arranged inside the cantilevers, the cantilevers are connected with discs by the rotary shafts, the middles of the cantilevers are hinged to the pitching oil cylinders, and the hobs are arranged on the discs. The rock breaking multi-arm cantilever tunneling machine and the method have the advantages that the multiple cantilevers are additionally arranged onthe double rotary tables, the hobs are additionally arranged on the discs, simultaneous excavation can be carried out by all the discs, accordingly, the excavation efficiency can be improved, and therock breaking rock hardness range can be expanded.

The invention discloses a rock breaking tunneling machine using liquid nitrogen and jet of ice particles.The technical problems of abnormal wear and high replacement frequency ofa disc cutter of an existing tunneling machine are solved. The rock breaking tunneling machine using liquid nitrogen and jet of ice particles comprises a cutterhead system, the cutter head system is provided with a liquidnitrogen emission nozzle, the liquid nitrogen emission nozzle is connected with a liquid nitrogen generating device through a high pressure pipeline, the liquid nitrogen emission nozzle and the liquidnitrogen generating device are connected through a high pressure pumping station,an ice particle production device is arranged adjacent to the liquid nitrogen emission nozzle, and the ice particle production device is coupled to the liquid nitrogen emission nozzle through a negative pressure device. According to the rock breaking tunneling machine using liquid nitrogen and jet of ice particles,the rock breaking efficiency is high,the cost is low, and the rock breaking medium is environment-friendly.

The invention discloses a heading machine using a supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow to break a rock. The technical problems that a disc cutter of the existing heading machine is easy to damage anomaly, low in heading efficiency, and high in cost are solved. The heading machine includes a cutter head system, a supercritical carbon dioxide jet nozzle is arranged on the cutter head system, the supercritical carbon dioxide jet nozzle is connected with a supercritical carbon dioxide generating device through a high-pressure pipeline, and the supercritical carbon dioxide jet nozzle is connectedwith the supercritical carbon dioxide generating device through a high-pressure pump station. The supercritical carbon dioxide generating device can generate supercritical carbon dioxide, the supercritical carbon dioxide can be transported to the supercritical carbon dioxide jet nozzle by the high-pressure pump station, the supercritical carbon dioxide can be jetted at a higher speed by the supercritical carbon dioxide jet nozzle to form a jet flow beam with high concentrated energy, and the jet flow beam is provided with the high destructive effect and can broke the rock to realize heading. According to the heading machine using the supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow to break the rock, the rock breaking efficiency is high, the cost is low, and a rock breaking medium is green and environmental protection.

The invention discloses an efficient shock absorption blasting and excavation method adopting fishbone-shaped construction guide grooves for a large rock deep foundation pit in a dense building area. The efficient shock absorption blasting and excavation method is characterized in that excavation is conducted according to the following sequence: a, shock absorption holes are drilled in the outer rim of the foundation pit, and reserved protection belts are arranged; b, a main construction guide groove is excavated in the dense building direction through a shallow hole loosening and blasting method; c, in the positions perpendicular to the main construction guide groove, two or more auxiliary construction guide grooves are excavated facing the two sides of the main construction guide groove, and therefore the main construction guide groove and the auxiliary construction guide grooves form the fishbone shape; d, a middle-deep hole control blasting method is adopted, blasting and expanded-excavation are conducted on the rock among the auxiliary construction guide grooves; e, the reserved protection belts are excavated to the rim of the foundation pit by the adoption of the mechanical excavation method; f, support is conducted on the wall of the foundation pit; and h, layered excavation of the foundation pit is conducted by executing the steps of b to e in a looping manner. By the adoption of the efficient shock absorption blasting and excavation method, the excavation efficiency of the large foundation pit can be improved, and the influence of blasting and vibration on the surrounding buildings is lowered.

Disclosed is a drilling and rolling combination cutter disc structure for a TBM (tunnel boring machine). The drilling and rolling combination cutter disc structure for the TBM is characterized in that a working face of the drilling and rolling combination cutter disc structure is a spherical face which is protruded outwards, a plurality of hob sets different in radius are arranged on the working face and around the center of a cutter disc body, each hob set comprises a plurality of disc type hobs, drilling machine operation holes are formed between each two adjacent disc type hobs, a rail and a rock drilling machine which slides along the rail are arranged on one side of the cutter disc body and along the direction opposite to the TBM work direction, drill bits of the rock drilling machine can stretch out or retract through the drilling machine operation holes, soil and stone discharge holes are located between each two adjacent hob sets and used to discharge excavated soil and stone from the soil and stone discharge holes, and the other rock drilling machine is arranged at the center of the cutter disc body in the same mode. According to the drilling and rolling combination cutter disc structure for the TBM, the rock drilling machines are added on the cutter disc body, and therefore a combination of the drilling machines and the hobs is achieved, rock breaking efficiency is improved, torque of the cutter disc body and the disc type hobs is reduced, and the excavation area of a cutter disc is increased by improving the structure of the cutter disc body and optimizing the arrangement mode of the hobs.

The invention discloses a high-strength rock splitting method and device based on static and dynamic alternating coupling. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the position parameter and the dimension parameter of a high-strength rock; determining at least one static force rock breaking area; enabling a dynamic force rock breaking area to be adjacent to the static force rock breaking area to cause the dynamic force rock breaking area and the static force rock breaking area to be alternate; placing a plurality of static force rock breaking hole sites in the static force rock breaking area; on the basis of the static force rock breaking hole sites, punching to form static force rock breaking holes; placing a plurality of dynamic force rock breaking hole sites in the dynamic force rock breaking area; on the basis of the dynamic force rock breaking hole sites, punching to form dynamic rock breaking holes; filling the static force rock breaking holes to close the holes with apreset quantity of static disintegrating agent; enabling the static disintegrating agent to fully react to split the static force rock breaking area; inserting a single-pole rock breaking column intothe dynamic force rock breaking hole to enable a rock breaking pole axis to face the static force rock breaking area; pushing the rock breaking pole axis by hydraulic pressure to split the dynamic force rock breaking area until high-strength rock is completely split.

The invention discloses a variable cross section tunnel excavation construction method based on a climbing pilot tunnel. The variable cross section tunnel excavation construction method comprises thefollowing steps that 1, a small pilot tunnel climbing a slope and topping; topping from a small section to the center line direction of a large section tunnel by adopting a pilot tunnel mode, and digging the pilot tunnel obliquely upwards in an equal section manner until the pilot tunnel and an arch crown of the large section tunnel are positioned at the same elevation; 2, expanding and excavatinga transition section; continuing excavating the top of the pilot tunnel forwards to form the transition section; 3, excavating a standard section; excavating forwards from the transition section witha uniform section to form a working section of mechanical equipment; 4, excavating a transition section back; digging a middle step surface downwards on the horizontal plane of the transition section; 5, excavating the climbing section of the small pilot tunnel; expanding and excavating from the small pilot tunnel to the small section; and 6, excavating forwards from the variable cross section, forming a lower step surface, forming three steps, and constructing according to a three-step method. The construction time and cost are greatly reduced in variable cross section construction, and themethod can be widely applied to the field of building construction.

Disclosed is a large-span subway station underground excavation construction method for a hard rock stratum. The large-span subway station underground excavation construction method for the hard rock stratum is used for effectively reducing the excavation construction risk and improving the excavation construction efficiency. The large-span subway station underground excavation construction method for the hard rock stratum comprises the following steps that the arch portion middle of a station is divided into two steps to be excavated, a tunnel arch portion middle upper step is excavated, and an initial support arch cover of the tunnel arch portion middle is constructed; a tunnel arch portion middle lower step is excavated; a tunnel arch portion left side portion and a tunnel arch portion right side portion are excavated, feet-lock bolts are constructed at the arch foot positions, the initial support arch cover on the arch top is lengthened through connection, and construction of the initial support arch cover is accomplished; a rock mass arranged below the station is excavated in a slot broaching mode under the protection action of the initial support arch cover, nine portions including upper steps on the left portion, the middle portion and the right portion, middle steps on the left portion, the middle portion and the right portion and lower steps on the left portion, the middle portion and the right portion are excavated, and side wall initial supports of corresponding sections are constructed until the rock mass is excavated to the bottom; and a station body structure is sequentially constructed from bottom to top, and station construction is accomplished.

The invention discloses a continuous excavating equipment and process for roadways. The continuous excavating equipment comprises an intelligent operation assembly line composed of a cantilever roadheader, a belt conveyor, a continuous loading device and a tramcar. The continuous excavating process includes steps of breaking rock by a cutting mechanism of the cantilever roadheader, loading falling gangue and transporting to the outside constantly to the belt conveyor so that the gangue can directly fall into the tramcar from the tail end after waste rocks are separated; dragging the tramcar which is fully loaded to a waste rock transporting roadway and transporting the tramcar to discharge the waste rock on the ground; dragging another unloaded tramcar on a no-load tramcar rail to a waste rock loading tramcar rail along a turnout rail, and starting a new round of loading and discharging; and dragging the discharged tramcar to the no-load tramcar rail for standby application. By the continuous excavating equipment process for roadways, mechanical construction level of the roadways can be effectively improved, construction process is simplified, excavating efficiency is improved, labor intensity is reduced, working environment is improved, operation safety is improved, and continuous excavating of the roadways is truly realized.

The invention provides an explosion method of an open-cut tunnel segment. The explosion method includes dividing rock mass of the open-cut tunnel segment to be tunneled into a plurality of steps from the top down for construction in layers and segments; comprehensively employing the spaced-loading segmental millisecond-delay blasting technique and the guide hollow hole-based contour smooth blasting technique. In this way, vibration damage, caused by oversize vibration, never occurs to near buildings during blasting of the tunnel shallow segment; tunneling efficiency of the rock mass of the open-cut tunnel segment is increased; cost spent on reinforcing and maintenance of the near buildings and temporary slopes is lowered; and engineering is implemented safely and smoothly.

The invention discloses a tunneling machine adopting a laser to break rocks and a tunneling method of the tunneling machine. The problems that as the strength of the rocks increases, abnormal wear andthe replacement frequency of a hob increase, subsequently, the shield tunneling efficiency is lowered, and the tunneling cost is increased are solved. The tunneling machine comprises a tunneling machine main engine, a cutterhead is arranged on the tunneling machine main engine, and laser generating devices are arranged on the cutterhead. According to the tunneling machine adopting the laser to break the rocks and the tunneling method of the tunneling machine, traditional metal cutting tools are replaced with a laser and water cooling principle, the efficiency of rock breaking is greatly improved, meanwhile, when tunnelingthe serious uneven geology such as softness-up and hardness-down, the difficult problem that the traditional metal cutting tools are extremely prone to being abnormally damaged is solved, thus the cutting tool cost is saved, and the risk of tool replacing is lowered; and a mode of suspension cutting rock breaking or extruding rock breaking is adopted, the efficiency of excavation is greatly improved, and the excavation cost is lowered.

The invention discloses a multi-cutter-disk heading machine which comprises an outer shell. A drive system is arranged at the front end of the outer shell and is connected with an excavation mechanism; the excavation mechanism is provided with a deslagging system and a muck conveying system; the excavation mechanism comprises a plurality of cutter disks; the multiple cutter disks are arranged at the front end of the outer shell in parallel; the orthographic projections of the cutter disks form a shape consistent to the cross section of the outer shell; a gap between each two adjacent cutter disks and a gap between each cutter disk and the outer shell are excavation blind areas; a blind area conical plate is arranged at the position, opposite to each excavation blind area, on the outer shell; the deslagging system comprises a blind area screw conveyer; a rock breaking structure opposite to each excavation blind area is arranged at the front end of the blind area screw conveyer; and theblind area screw conveyer is connected with the muck conveying system. The multi-cutter-disk heading machine provided by the invention not only can achieve the maximum effects of excavation and stirring, but also plays a role in supporting a palm surface to prevent collapse. Meanwhile, the geological application scope of the extra-large rectangular section heading equipment over 14 meters is expanded.

The invention relates to a bionic gopher intelligent excavating system. The system comprises a drill bit, a shell, a driving mechanism, a telescopic assembly and an adjustable support foot. The drillbit is arranged in the front end of the shell, the driving mechanism is arranged in the shell, and an output shaft of the driving mechanism is connected with the drill bit. The telescopic assembly isarranged in the shell and the telescopic end of the telescopic assembly extends from the back end of the shell to the outside of the shell and is rotationally connected with the adjustable support foot. The system has the advantages that the bionic gopher intelligent excavating system realizes the mechanical simplification of the excavating function of a gopher, makes a whole system structure simple and small, fully considers the coordination of the adjustable support foot and the drill bit which are used as surrounding rocks, and through the expansion of the system itself and alternative movement, the whole system is moved forward, so that the excavation efficiency is improved, the hard bottom layer is adapted, the risk of drilling accidents is reduced, the stratum is quickly went through, the geological data is explored, the safety and accuracy of the drilling construction are improved.

The invention discloses an underwater sinking well heading machine and a construction method thereof, and solves the problems that a sinking well heading machine in the prior art is low in excavationefficiency, not easy to control an excavation contour, and easy to produce deflection of a sinking well gesture. The underwater sinking well heading machine comprises a support seat arranged in a component on the lower part of a vertical well, wherein the support seat is connected with a lifting device; a sealed cabin is arranged on the support seat; a pulp discharge system is arranged on the sealed cabin; a shoe supporting device is connected onto the outer wall of the sealed cabin; a rotating mechanism is arranged on the lower part of the sealed cabin; a heading mechanism is arranged on therotating mechanism; and a lower pulp discharge pipe is arranged on the heading mechanism and is connected with the pulp discharge system. According to the underwater sinking well heading machine andthe construction method thereof provided by the invention, mechanical and controllable excavation is realized, the accuracy of the sinking well gesture is ensured, the underwater operation controllability is high, the excavation efficiency is improved, the problems that a traditional underwater excavation situation is not controllable and the sinking well gesture is hard to control are solved, andthe underwater sinking well heading machine and the construction method thereof have an important significance on high-quality construction operation of an ultralarge-section sinking well with multiple cabin chambers.

The invention provides a hard rock cutterhead and a cantilever heading machine comprising the same. The hard rock cutterhead comprises a conical cutterhead main structure; the cutterhead main structure comprises a head, spokes and a flange; the head is connected with the spokes, the spokes are connected with the flange, and the head and the spokes are provided with detachable cutters. The cantilever heading machine comprises the hard rock cutterhead. The hard rock cutterhead and the cantilever heading machine comprising the same have the advantages that the stress of the cutterhead structure is more uniform, the deformation resistance and break resistance are high, and the high-thrust high-rotation-speed excavating working condition can be borne; the cutterhead is formed by machining a complete plate or welding steel plates, and the overall strength and stiffness are better; the cutters adopt the form that end covers are located on cutter seat installation surfaces, and the rock breaking efficiency can be improved; a cutterhead center hobbing cutter can be drawn back when the cutterhead conducts swing cutting, and eccentric abrasion, cutting edge breaking and other abnormal damageoccurring to the center hobbing cutter are effectively avoided; hobbing cutters and toothed cutters are subjected to interchange installing, soft soil excavation can be achieved, and in addition, hardrock can be subjected to expanding excavation; and the cutterhead swings up and down as well as leftwards and rightwards, and round and special-shaped fracture surfaces can be excavated.

The invention discloses a hob-free hard rock tunneling machine for breaking rocks by utilizing microwaves and supercritical carbon dioxide. The technical problems of high cost and long construction period caused by maintenance such as cutter replacement of a cutterhead in the tunneling process of an existing heading machine are solved. The hob-free hard rock tunneling machine comprises a central main driving unit connected with a hob-free cutterhead, a microwave emitter and a large slag outlet are arranged on the hob-free cutterhead, the microwave emitter is connected with a microwave radiation arm, a supercritical carbon dioxide nozzle is arranged on the hob-free cutterhead, and the supercritical carbon dioxide nozzle is connected with a supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure pump station through a supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure conveying pipe. A microwave and supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow coupled rock breaking system is adopted, a conventional cutter rock breaking technology is thoroughly abandoned, the problem that abnormal damage is extremely prone to occurring when a metal cutter of the tunneling machine cuts rocks is solved, the excavation efficiency is improved, and the excavation cost is reduced.

The invention discloses an approximate full face excavation structure and methods for a mountain highway tunnel in critical stable surrounding rock and belongs to the field of construction. Aiming at the defect that a full-face construction method cannot be adopted in tunnel construction with poorer surrounding rock stability, longitudinal length for partial excavation support construction of the tunnel is reduced, so that partial excavation support construction of the tunnel approximates an issue of planar mechanics, and two effective approximate full face construction methods for the mountain highway tunnel in the approximate critical stable surrounding rock are provided through practice of construction of the mountain highway tunnel in the approximate critical stable surrounding rock containing crushed surrounding rock.

The invention discloses a rock breaking multi-arm cantilever tunneling machine carried with suspension cutters and a method for constructing the rock breaking multi-arm cantilever tunneling machine. By the aid of the rock breaking multi-arm cantilever tunneling machine and the method, the problem of difficulty in excavating short-distance, hard-rock and special-shaped tunnels by the aid of existing tunneling machines can be solved. The rock breaking multi-arm cantilever tunneling machine comprises a main mechanism. A counterforce support mechanism, a residue discharge device and a travel mechanism are mounted on the lower portion of the main mechanism, two rotary tables are symmetrically arranged at the front of the main mechanism in the up-down directions, pitching oil cylinders are arranged at the fronts of the two rotary tables, at least one cantilever is hinged onto each rotary table, rotary shafts are arranged inside the cantilevers, the cantilevers are connected with discs by therotary shafts, the middles of the cantilevers are hinged to the pitching oil cylinders, and the suspension cutters are arranged on the discs. The rock breaking multi-arm cantilever tunneling machineand the method have the advantages that the multiple cantilevers are additionally arranged on the double rotary tables, the suspension cutters are additionally arranged on the discs, simultaneous excavation can be carried out by all the discs, accordingly, the simultaneous rock breaking working range can be expanded, the excavation efficiency can be improved, and the rock breaking multi-arm cantilever tunneling machine and the method are applicable to excavating short-distance tunnels, special-shaped sections and hard-rock tunnels.

The invention discloses a deep foundation pit open cutting construction method, which is characterized in that vertically knocking steel plate piles are arranged on the inner side of four concrete annular beams under a foundation pit soil outlet, the upper end of the steel plate piles is positioned at the same level as the upper surface of the first concrete annular beam, the lower end of the steel plate piles exceeds the lower surface of the lowest concrete annular beam by a certain length, first step soil digging is started, the first concrete annular beam is constructed, at the time, the steel plate piles are knocked in, then, the second step soil digging is started, and a soil table at a preserved soil outlet is maintained without being dug and is used for locating a digging machine. During the construction of a section of second concrete annular beam under the soil outlet soil table, firstly, earthwork is pulled and dug under the first annular beam, the position of a section of annular beam at the soil outlet is dug, the second concrete annular beam is completed through casting, the construction of each following concrete annular beam can be completely by parity of reasoning, and the soil is dug to the tank bottom. The method of the invention does not need to dig and fill back the earthwork platform at the soil outlet for many times, the construction program is simplified, the earthwork work load is reduced, and the construction cost is saved.