The invention discloses a material separation structure inside a municipal road cleaning and maintenance device. The structure comprises a mounting frame, a protective box and a conveying frame, wherein a fixing box is arranged at one end of the top of the mounting frame, a feeding plate is arranged on one side of the fixing box, a first motor is arranged below the feeding plate, two bearing seatsare arranged on the position, on one side of the first motor, of mounting frame, a discharging shaft is arranged between the two bearing seats, a screw rod is driven to rotate through the output endof a third motor, when the screw rod is rotated, due to the fact that a nut seat is arranged on the screw rod and is in threaded connection with the screw rod, a screening fan moves up and down alongtwo sliding rods, the wind direction can be adjusted, so that the cross airflow between a side fan and the screening fan is consistent with the discharging direction of the conveying frame, when a material passes through the cross airflow, a material with the large mass falls onto a conveying belt, a material with the small mass is blown to a buffer ring through the airflow, and then fall on a discharging belt, so that the material separation work is realized, and the material is convenient to process.