Disclosed are a school bus alarm system and method for young children left behind. The system comprises a client and a vehicle-mounted alarm device, the vehicle-mounted alarm device comprises a microcontroller, a temperature sensor, an infrared array temperature sensor, a GPS module, a first relay driving circuit, a second relay driving circuit, an electromagnetic valve, a voice broadcasting module, a GSM module and a touch screen; the method comprises the steps that (1), whether or not the temperature in the bus is higher than 28 DEG C is determined; (2), whether or not there is a person inthe bus is determined; (3), vehicle position information is obtained; (4), whether or not the temperature in the bus is higher than 30 DEG C is determined; (5), alarm information is transmitted to theclient; (6), whether or not the temperature in the bus is high than 35 DEG C is determined; (7), the door of the bus is opened, voice information is broadcast to urge the person in the bus to get outof the bus, and prompting information of opening the door of the bus is transmitted to the client. By means of the system and the method, dangers triggered by leaving young children behind in a school bus can be effectively avoided to ensure the safety of the young children, and the system and the method have better social benefits.