The invention provides a ball-throwing type controllable wall scraper and a method for cleaning the inner wall of a sleeve. The ball-throwing type controllable wall scraper comprises a control system, a cutter system, at least one first steel ball and at least one second steel ball, wherein the first steel balls and the second steel balls control the control system to work. The first steel balls are thrown into the control system, so that the first steel balls push a second piston to move downwards, when the second piston moves downwards and enables all cutter feeding blocks to move downwards to push cutters on all rings to pop out of cutter through holes, buckle structures between a first piston and the second piston are connected, and then wall scraping operation can be conducted; the second steel balls are then thrown into the control system, the second steel balls drive the buckle structures to separate from each other, the second piston moves upwards under the action of all reset springs, the cutter feeding blocks also move upwards, so that all the cutters retract to the cutter through holes, and then the wall scraper is restored to an initial state. According to the ball-throwing type controllable wall scraper, at least two steel balls different in size are thrown into a tool, so that the cutters pop out or retract, obstacles on the inner wall of the sleeve are smoothly removed, downhole potential safety hazards are effectively removed, the cutters will not get stuck, and the service life of the cutters is long.