The invention discloses an agency optimization dimension reduction method for combined scheduling of reservoir groups of a large-scale hydropower station and belongs to the technical field of optimization scheduling of hydropower systems. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a hydropower station, setting related constraints and parameters, and calculating an initial scheduling process O and a search step length h; according h and O, generating a sample set S1 within a neighborhood domain range, calculating real target functions of samples in S1, inputting sample points in S1 andthe target functions into a neural network, and carrying out fitting so as to obtain a corresponding agency optimization model N; generating a sample set S2 of a certain scale, inputting sample points in S2 into N so as to obtain possible target functions, screening an optimal sample set S3 according to the target functions, calculating real target functions of sample points in S3, finding an improvement solution with an optimal target function in S3, if the improvement solution is prior to an initial solution, updating the initial solution, and carrying out iterative calculation, or else judging whether a step length meets precise requirements or not, if the step length meets the precise requirements, outputting the optimal solution, or else updating and replenishing the initial solution, and carrying out iteration. The method disclosed by the invention is small in parameter calculation quantity, high in search precision, short in optimization time and large in dissolution scale.