The invention relates to a drilling and coring device for early-age concrete. The device is composed of a positioning groove, a wave velocity measuring probe, a fixed support, a drainage tank, a laser range finder, a coring drill bit device, a motor, a thread fixing assembly, a hydraulic jack, a base, a movable fixing plate, an auxiliary positioning rod, a propelling screw, an electronic torque measuring meter, a torque measuring meter handle, a T-shaped sliding groove plate, a notch, a chip removal opening and carborundum particles. According to the wave velocity condition of the cubic sample measured by the wave velocity measuring probe, the sample is subjected to stage treatment under different wave velocity levels, so that double-end-face coring is realized, and the coring efficiency is greatly improved; the coring bit device is subjected to nickel plating treatment, the bit part is provided with the chip removal opening, and the notch part is electroplated with carborundum, so that a larger chip removal space is provided in the early-age concrete drilling and coring process, and the problems are solved that the internal cementing capacity of the early-age concrete is poor, the gelation structure strength is low, and the friction force between the inner wall of the drill bit and the core sample is too large, so that the core sample is broken and has unfilled corner.